Famous figures and dates Flashcards
Who was Joseph Lister, what did he do and when?
When did Joseph Bazalgette start the sewage system?
1860
What and when did John Snow do?
1854 he made connections with cholera and water
Who was James Simpson what and when did he discover?
Scientist. By chance, chloroform and in 1847
Meaning of laissez-faire
Leave alone
Meaning of legislation
Laws passed by Parliament
Who was Robert Liston what did he do and when?
Used ether to amputate a leg using William Morton’s discovery in 1847.
When were instruments first steamed and cleaned?
1900’s
When was the 1st public health act
1848 - encouraged towns to set up own health boards which would help to provide clean water. Not compulsory
When was the 2nd public health act
1875 - was compulsory. Had to improve sanitation by providing clean water, building sanitary toilets, employing public officials and officers of health to monitor conditions in towns as well.
Cesspit meaning
A pit for storing sewage or waste
What street did John Snow test on?
Broad Street
When was the NHS founded
1948
What did Behring’s work show
That antitoxins used by the body to fight diphtheria can be isolated and then injected to cure the disease.
What did Ehrlich’s work show
That certain dyes stained specific microbes and antitoxins only attacked the disease microbes. Magic bullets could target disease microbes
What did Hata’s work show
That the 606th compound (Salvarsan 606) was effective after it was dismissed.
Why did Salvarsan 606 need improving
Made out of arsenic
Who improved Alexander’s Fleming’s work and liquidfied it?
Florey and Chain
Who was Aneurin Bevan and what did he do?
Founded the NHS, 88% disagreed before (doctors). Grew up poor so could relate to others - resilient for NHS to be approved of because of it. Prime Minister made him the Minister of Health which gave him the power to do so. 90% of doctors joined the NHS and more than 2500 voluntary and muncipal hospitals throughout the country had been taken over.
Why was the discovery of DNA so important?
Helps to explain the cause of disease and preventive measures. Hereditary diseases could be caught early in life so that it could be prevented. Also improved our understanding of our genetic structure. This allowed to pinpoint why certain hereditary diseases were carried.
Name all of the people who helped towards the research of DNA, what they did in chronological order
- Gregor Mendel: theory that genes were impaired and inherited ‘fundamental laws’. Couldn’t explain why. 1900
- Archibald Garrod (1902) Theory that hereditary diseases are caused by inborn errors of metabolism.
- Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll (1931) Electron microscopes were developed. It could magnify more than any of the optical microscopes ever.
4.George Beadle & Edward Tatum (1941) They proved Garrod’s theory - Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins (1951) Created images of DNA using x-rays. Found out that characteristics were passed down from parents to children.
- James Watson and Francis Crick (1953) Built models using Franklin and Wilkins’ work. Saw it was double helix shaped.
When was smoking banned in public places?
2007 July 1st
When were cigarette adverts banned?
2005
When was smoking in cars with children banned?
2015
Name campaigns raised to prevent smoking and advertise a healthy lifestyle?
Change4Life
Stopober
Clean Air Act (1956 and 1968)
Name some facts about institutions involving cancer
British Medical Council. Improving access to care responsibility for educating, communicating, centralising support.
Research on Lung Cancer
DNA - the Human Genome Project (deciphering the chemical makeup of the entire human genetic code).
Name and explain some medical instruments
chemotherapy, endoscope, mri, radiotherapy, pacemaker, bronchoscopy
