Famous Court Cases Flashcards
Marbury v Madison
Who: William Marbury and James Madison
Marbury v Madison
What: The court case was about Marbury wanting his judge job after Jefferson told Madison to hold commissions, which was declared unconstitutional.
Marbury v Madison
When: Argued February 11, 1803. Decided Feb 24, 1803
Marbury v Madison
Where: The White House in Washington DC is where this trial took place.
Marbury v Madison
Why: This case is significant because it was declared unconstitutional, which established the principle of judicial review.
Marbury v Madison
What: Technically there was no Supreme Court ruling, although they said it was wrong of Jefferson and Madison to prevent Marbury from his justice job.\
Dred Scott v Sanford
Who Dred Scott John Sanford
Dred Scott v Sanford
What The case was about a slave (scott) trying to be free in a free state(Missouri)
Dred Scott v Sanford
When March,6 1857
Dred Scott v Sanford
Where Started in Missouri and ended at the supreme court
Dred Scott v Sanford
Why Proved slaves aren’t really free
Dred Scott v Sanford
What Scott won 7-2
Plessy v Ferguson
Who Southerners, Homer Adolph Plessy, John H. Ferguson
Plessy v Ferguson
What Law in the railways that stated that colored people had to have seperate cars to ride in on the trains.
Plessy v Ferguson
When June 7th 1892
Plessy v Ferguson
Where Plessy bought a train ticket from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana.
Plessy v Ferguson
Why This case helped with cases to come in the future. It also showed our view on colored people in this time period.
Plessy v Ferguson
What The Supreme court voted no and that the 14th amendment applied only to political and civil rights and not to social rights. 7-1. 1 ostaining
Korematsu v United States
Who-Fred Korematsu
Korematsu v United States
What-Was the military’s exclusion order justified? The court disagreed.They put forth their position that the order should have been considered as a whole, and the Court should have considered other orders, all of which, when considered together resulted in the imprisonment of U.S. citizens in what were essentially concentration camps, based only on their race.
Korematsu v United States
Why-They showed that the government’s legal team had intentionally suppressed or destroyed evidence from government intelligence agencies reporting that Japanese Americans posed no military threat to the U.S.
Korematsu v United States
Where-On May 30, 1942, about six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the FBI arrested California(Oakland) Korematsu for failure to report to a relocation center.
Korematsu v United States
When-December 18, 1944
Korematsu v United States
What- Having violated an exclusion order requiring him to submit to forced relocation during World War II.
Brown v Board of Education
Who Linda Brown, Oliver Brown, Thurgood Marshall, Earl Warren. There were also 4 judges that were in the case and left during it.
Brown v Board of Education
What The Justice wanted the case to end with a unanimous vote and he rewrote the summation more than one time to have the full vote and it ended with a full vote saying separate is not equal.
Brown v Board of Education
Why The case helped to end segregation in public schooling. It helped to show that “separate but equal” was not equal.
Brown v Board of Education
Where This case was based in Topeka, KS then once the case was brought up it went to the Supreme court.
Brown v Board of Education
When Arrived at Supreme Court 1952. Verdict delivered May 1954. Trial took a total of 2 years.
Brown v Board of Education
What This case was started because Oliver Brown’s daughter Linda Brown had to go to a school 2 miles away rather than one a couple blocks away just because of the color of her skin.
Gideon v Wainwright
Who: Clarence Earl Gideon was the defendant.Louie L. Wainwright was the connections director. Earl Warren was the Chief Justice
Gideon v Wainwright
What Clarence was accused of breaking and entering and showed up to court without a lawyer and demanded the court give him one. They didnt and he was found guilty.
Gideon v Wainwright
When It was argued on Jan 15, 1963 It was decided on Mar 18, 1963
Gideon v Wainwright
Where Panama City Florida. Then Florida Supreme Court
Gideon v Wainwright
Why it decides whether you are provided a lawyer in court or not
Gideon v Wainwright
What a unanimous opinion authored by Justice Hugo L. Black, the Court held that it was consistent with the Constitution to require state courts to appoint attorneys for defendants who could not afford to retain counsel on their own.
Mapp v Ohio
Who- Dollree Mapp and the state of Ohio
Mapp v Ohio
What- police officers forced their way into Dollree Mapp’s house without a proper search warrant. Police believed that Mapp was harboring a suspected bomber, and demanded entry.
Mapp v Ohio
When- March 29th, 1961 and decided on June 19th,1961
Mapp v Ohio
Where- Cleveland, Ohio
Mapp v Ohio
Why-It was a violation of the 4th Amendment
Mapp v Ohio
What-6- 3 mapp won
New York Times v Sullivan
Who: Petitioners - Herbert Wechsler, William P. Rogers, Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.
Respondent - M. Roland Nachman, Jr.
New York Times v Sullivan
Why: It is a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the freedom of speech protections in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restrict the ability of American public officials to sue for defamation.
New York Times v Sullivan
Where: New York City
New York Times v Sullivan
When: August 30, 1962 Sullivan took The New York Times to the Alabama court. The Alabama Supreme Court affirmed Sullivan’s claim. The New York Times appealed to the United States Supreme court. The court decided to hear them Januaray 6, 1964, the ruling date was March 9, 1964.
New York Times v Sullivan
What: The city of Montgomery, Alabama, was already under considerable civic stress when The New York Times published a full-page ad titled “Heed Their Rising Voices” on March 29, 1960. On February 25, 35 students from the all-black Alabama State College sought service in a snack bar in the basement of the Montgomery County Courthouse. Two days later, most of the 800 students at Alabama State marched to the state capitol to protest Patterson’s actions. Among the people in Alabama who read the ad was Merton Roland Nachman, the foremost libel lawyer in Montgomery and one of the best in the state. The city commissioners were easily convinced, and Nachman began proceedings on their behalf in state court.
New York Times v Sullivan
(9 - 0 ) Unanimous ruling.
Miranda v Arizona
Who: Eresto Miranda V. The state of Arizona, Chief Justice Earl Warren
Miranda v Arizona
What: Miranda was arrested on charges of rape and kidnapping but was not read his rights and therefore was wrongfully interrogated without a lawyer, where the police managed to get a written confession.
Miranda v Arizona
When: Arrested on March 13, 1963. The case lasted from Feb. 1966 to June 1966.
Miranda v Arizona
Where: Phoenix, Arizona
Miranda v Arizona
Why: Significant because it thenceforth required police to read rights to anyone arrested, named the “Miranda Rights”
Miranda v Arizona
What: The ruling ended in favor of Miranda in a 5-4 vote.
Loving v Virginia
Who: Mildred Jeter, Richard Loving, and Chief Justice Warren
Loving v Virginia
What: The case began when Mildred, a black woman, and Richard, a white man, went to the District of Columbia to get married, then returned to their home in Virginia. The couple was then sentenced to a year in jail for violating the state’s antimiscegenation statute, which banned interracial marriage.
Loving v Virginia
When: 1967
Loving v Virginia
Where: Central Point, Virginia
Loving v Virginia
Why: Made interracial marriage leagal for future cases
Loving v Virginia
What: (9-0) The judges ruled in favor of the interracial couple
Roe v Wade
Who- Jane Roe- This was a fictional name used to protect, Norma McCorvey. Henry Wade- The district attorney of Dallas County, Texas, where Roe resided.
Roe v Wade
What-They ruled 7-2 that abortion should be legal across the U.S.
Roe v Wade
When-January 22, 1937
Roe v Wade
Where-Texas
Roe v Wade
What-The court case was held that a womens right to an abortion was implicit in the right to privacy protected by the 14th amendment.
Roe v Wade
Why-It made it legal for women to choose to have an abortion or not.
Lawrence v Texas
Who- John Geddes Lawrence and Tyron Garner against the State of Texas
Lawrence v Texas
What- 6-3 vote lawrence won
Lawrence v Texas
Why- Because it recognized that Texas’s anti sodomy laws were unconstitutional
Lawrence v Texas
Where- Houston, Texas
Lawrence v Texas
When- March 26th 2003 it took 3 months to decide outcome
Lawrence v Texas
What- Lawrence and Garner were arrested for having sexual relations with the same sex. A violation of Texas law
United States v Richard Nixon
United States v Richard Nixon
Who: Nixon, his aides and the United States Representatives
United States v Richard Nixon
What: Nixon hired aides to break into democratic offices to ensure his re-election for the next term. The aides broke into the offices twice and got caught the second time.
United States v Richard Nixon
When: The agents got caught on June 17, 1972. The case reached the Supreme Court on July 8, 1974 and the final decision was made on July 24, 1974.
United States v Richard Nixon
Where: The Watergate Building in Washington DC
United States v Richard Nixon
Why: The President can’t keep secrets just like the people of the US can’t keep secrets
United States v Richard Nixon
What: The United States won unanimously but one of the justices abstained due to having interactions with the Nixon Administration
