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Family Names Flashcards

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1
Q

Amborellaceae

A

Order: Amborellales

Most primitaive. Perennial shrubs, vessel-less; leaves alternate, evergreen, simple, exstipulate; dioecious, flowers unisexual, actinomorphic; perianth of 5-8 undifferentiated parts, spiral; stamens many, laminar; carpels 5-6 (apocarpous), apically-open, ovaries superior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit a drupecetum.

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2
Q

Nymphaeaceae

A

Order: Nymphaeales

Water-lily family

Aquatic herbs, often with a milky latex; leaves floating, long-petioled, peltate; flowers solitary, floating to emergent, actinomorphic; perianth parts numerous, spirally arranged; sepals usually 4-6; petals 8-many, grading into usually laminar stamens; carpels 3-many, (syncarpous), ovules many per carpel; fruit a berry

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3
Q

Illiciaceae

A

Order: Austrobaileyales

Star-Anise family

Evergreen trees or shrubs having aromatic oil cells; leaves glabrous, spiral, pellucid-punctate, exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic, perianth parts (tepals) numerous, spirally arranged (outer sepal-like, inner petal-like); stamens few-numerous; carpels numerous (apocarpous), ovaries superior, ovules 1 per carpel; fruit a follicetum (aggregate of follicles).

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4
Q

Lauraceae

A

Order: Laurales

Laurel family

Trees or shrubs, aromatic oil glands; leaves evergreen, usually alternate; flowers actinomorphic, usually perfect; perianth of 6 tepals; stamens 12 in 4 whorls of 3, anthers with valvate dehiscence; carpel 1, ovary superior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit a berry or drupe. Mainly tropical and subtropical regions.

Neither Monocots or Eudicots

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5
Q

Magnoliaceae

A

Order: Magnoliales

Magnolia family

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, deciduous or persistent, stipules deciduous and leaving a stipular ring at each node; flowers solitary, actinomorphic; perianth of 6-many tepals; stamens numerous, laminar; carpels numerous (apocarpous), ovaries superior; fruit an aggregate of follicles, samaras, or berries; seeds often covered with red flesh (sarcotesta), each suspended by a threadlike funiculus.

Neither Monocots or Eudicots

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6
Q

Ceratophyllaceae

A

Order: Ceratophyllales

Hornwort family

Perennial aquatic herbs; leaves in whorls of 3-10, dichotomously divided; flowers actinomorphic, unisexual; perianth of 8-12 tepals; stamens numerous; carpel 1, ovary superior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit an achene.

Neither Monocots or Eudicots

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7
Q

Monocots

A
  • Monophyletic group
  • Single cotyledon
  • Monosulcate-Pollen with single furrow or pore
  • sieve tube plastids with cuneate proteinaceous inclusions of the P2 type
  • Major leaf veins parallel
  • Stem vacular bundles scattered
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8
Q

Alismatales

A

intravaginal squamules–(trichomes located in the axils of sheathing leaves) are present in many members, although this is not an apomorphy for the order

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9
Q

Araceae

A

Order: Alismatales

Arum family

Shrubs, herbs or vines, often of wet habitats; leaves alternate (spiral or distichous) or basal, simple to pinnately or palmately compound; inflorescence a spadix enveloped or subtended by a single spathe; flowers actinomorphic, perfect or imperfect (monoecious); perianth absent (in imperfect flowers) or of 4-6 tepals (in perfect flowers); stamens usually 4, 6, or 8; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary usually superior; fruit usually a multiple of berries.

Monocots

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10
Q

Alismataceae

A

Order: Alismatales

Water-Plantain family

Perennial (some annual) aquatic or wetland herbs with milky sap; leaves basal; flowers actinomorphic, perfect or imperfect (plants monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous); calyx of 3 sepals; corolla of 3 petals; stamens 6-many; carpels 6-many (apocarpous), ovaries superior; fruit an aggregate of achenes or follicles.

Monocots

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11
Q

Asparagales

A

Seed coat containing a black substance called phytomelan

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12
Q

Iridaceae

A

Order: Asparagales

Iris family

Perennial herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate (distichous), unifacial; flowers small to large, generally showy, actinomorphic or zygomorphic; calyx of 3 petaloid sepals; corolla of 3 petals; stamens 3; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a loculicidal capsule.

Monocots

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13
Q

Orchidaceae

A

Order: Asparagales

Orchid family

Does not have phytomelan

Perennial or annual herbs; leaves alternate (spiral or distichous) or whorled, often somewhat leathery; flowers zygomorphic; calyx of 3 sepals; corolla of 3 petals, median petal (labellum) larger than 2 lateral petals; stamens 1-2, fused to style and stigma (forming a column), pollen grouped in pollinia; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules many per carpel; fruit a capsule, dehiscent by 3-6 slits.

Monocots

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14
Q

Liliaceae

A

Order: Liliales

Lily family

Perennial herbs; leaves basal or cauline, alternate (spiral) or whorled, often sheathing at base; flowers actinomorphic to somewhat zygomorphic; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls; stamens 6; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules many; fruit usually a loculicidal capsule, sometimes a berry.

Monocots

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15
Q

Commelinids

A

monophyletic group

share the apomorphy of possessing a class of organic acids(coumaric, diferulic, ferulic) that impregnate their cell walls.

These acids are UV-fluorescent.

Monocots

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16
Q

Arecaceae

A

Order: Arecales

plicate (pleated) floded leaves may be an apomorphy of this order

Palm family

Woody shrubs or trees; leaves large, alternate (usually spiral), sheathing bases, often fan-shaped or pinnately-compound, blade often pleated; inflorescence often associated with a spathe; flowers actinimorphic; tepals 6; stamens usually 6; carpels typically 3 (syncarpous or apocarpous), ovary superior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit usually a drupe.

Monocots

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17
Q

Commelinales

A

presence of floral tannin cells

Monocots

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18
Q

Commelinaceae

A

Order: Commelinales

Spiderwort family

Perennial herbs, succulent stems often with swollen nodes; leaves alternate (spiral), with closed basal sheath; flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; calyx of 3 sepals; corolla of 3 petals; stamens 6, or 3 with 3 staminodes, filaments often hairy; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit typically a loculicidal capsule.

Monocots

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19
Q

Zingiberales

A
  • Penni-parallel
  • supervolate ptyxis (leaf are so big that it roll itself. Gradually unroll when they grow
  • diaphragmed air chambers in stems and leaves
  • Monocots
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20
Q

Zingiberaceae

A

Order: Zingiberales

Ginger family

Perennial herbs; leaves large, alternate (distichous), sheathing; flowers zygomorphic; tepals 6; stamens 5 (only 1 functional), other 4 are petaloid staminodes, two of which form an anterior labellum; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules many per carpel; fruit a capsule; seeds arillate (having a fleshy and usually brightly colored cover).

Monocots

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21
Q

Bromeliaceae

A

Order: Poales

Pineapple family

Perennial herbs, usually epiphytic; leaves alternate (spiral), forming basal rosettes in some species, often brightly colored at the base; flowers actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic; calyx of 3 sepals; corolla of 3 petals; stamens 6; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior to superior; fruit a septicidal capsule or berry, sometimes becoming a multiple fruit.

Monocots

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22
Q

Typhaceae

A

Order: Poales

Cattail family

Aquatic perennial herbs with round, solid stems; leaves linear, mostly basal, alternate (distichous), sheathing; inflorescence a dense, cylindrical spike; flowers small, unisexual (monoecious), actinomorphic; perianth of 0-3 bristle-like tepals in male flowers, many bristle or scale-like tepals in female flowers; stamens 3; carpel 1; ovary superior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit achenelike.

Monocots

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23
Q

Juncaceae

A

Order: Poales

Rush family (7 genera, 350 species)

Tufted, perennial grass-like herbs, internodes solid; leaves alternate (spiral), mostly basal, usually tristichous, sheathing; flowers actinomorphc, usually perfect; perianth of 6 tepals; stamens usually 3-6; carpels 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a loculicidal capsule.

Monocots

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24
Q

Cyperaceae

A

Order: Poales

Sedge family

Perennial and annual herbs, stems often triangular, internodes solid; leaves alternate (spiral), usually tristichous, sheathing; flowers actinomorphic, perfect or imperfect (plants usually monoecious); perianth absent or occasionally of bristles or scalelike tepals; stamens 3; carpels 2-3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, sometimes enclosed by a saclike bract (perigynium), ovules 1 per carpel; fruit an achene.

Monocots

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25
Q

Poaceae

A

Order: Poalaes

Grass family

Annual and perennial herbs, stems round, internodes usually hollow; leaves alternate (distichous), sheathing, ligule present; flowers somewhat zygomorphic, perfect or occasionally imperfect (plants usually monoecious), subtended by 2 bracts (lemma and palea); perianth of 1-3 minute scales (lodicules); stamens usually 1-3; carpels 2-3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1 per ovary; fruit a caryopsis (grain).

Monocots

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26
Q

Eudicots

A
  • molecular data
  • tricolpate or tricolpate-derived pollen grain
  • Embryo with two cotyledons
  • Major leaf veins reticulated
  • Stem vascular bundles in a ring
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27
Q

Berberidaceae

A

Order: RAnunculales

Barberry family

Perennial trees, shrubs or herbs, often spiny; leaves alternate (spiral) or rarely opposite, simple or compound (pinnate or ternate); flowers actinomorphic; perianth 6-7-seriate with 3 parts per whorl, the outer 2 whorls sepaloid, the inner 4-5 petaloid, innermost 2-3 nectiferous; stamens 6, anthers typically valvular; carpel 1, ovary superior, ovules many per ovary; fruit typically a berry.

28
Q

Papaveraceae

A

Order: Ranunculaes

Poppy family

Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves alternate (spiral) to subopposite, usually lobed to divided or dissected, exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic, zygomorphic, or biradial; calyx of 2 or 3 caducous sepals; corolla of 2+2 or 3+3 petals, the outer petals sometimes with a spur or sac; stamens numerous; carpels 2-many (syncarpous) ovary superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit usually a capsule.

Dicots

29
Q

Ranunculaceae

A

Order: Ranunculales

Buttercup family

Mostly herbs, sometimes shrubs or vines; leaves alternate (spiral), simple to compound, with sheathing leaf bases; flowers usually actinomorphic and perfect; calyx of 5-8 petaloid sepals; corolla of few-many petals (rarely absent); stamens usually numerous; carpels usually numerous (apocarpous), ovaries superior, ovules usually many per carpel; fruit usually an aggregate of follicles, achenes, or berries.

Eudicots

30
Q

Platanaceae

A

Order: Proteales

Sycamore family

Trees, exfoliating(naturally peeling off) bark; leaves alternate with infrapetiolar bud), usually palmately lobed and veined; flowers actinomorphic, imperfect (monoecious); calyx typically of 3-4 sepals; corolla typically of 3-4 petals, present only in staminate flowers; stamens usually 3-4; carpels usually 5-8 (apocarpous), ovaries superior, ovule 1 per ovary; fruit a multiple of densely hairy achenes in a globose head.

Eudicot

31
Q

Caryophyllales

A
  • possess trinucleate pollenat the time of release from the anther, and have either free-central palcentation or basal placentation
  • campylotropous ovules and perispermous seeds
  • sieve tube plastids with protein crystalloid inclusions surrounded by proteinaceous filaments
  • betalains(reddish, purplish, or yellowish pigmented compounds that functionally replace anthocyanins in other angiosperms). These are only in “Higher Caryophyllales.”
  • Eudicots
32
Q

Amaranthaceae

A

Order: Caryophyllales

Amaranth family

Annual and perennial herbs, vines, shrubs and rarely trees; leaves alternate (spiral) or opposite; flowers actinomorphic, perfect or imperfect (dioecious, monoecious, or polygamous); perianth of typically 3-5 sepals, scarious; stamens usually 3-5; carpels usually 1-3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovule typically 1 per carpel; fruit a nutlet, berry, capsule, or rarely a circumscissle capsule (capsul can be remove from the top).

Eudicots

33
Q

Cactaceae

A

Order: Caryophyllales

Cactus family

Succulent shrubs or trees; leaves alternate (spiral) when present, leaf spines arising from special axillary meristems called areoles, some also possess small, trichome-like leaves called glochidia; flowers actinomorphic; perianth of numerous tepals; stamens numerous; carpels 3-many (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules many per carpel; fruit a berry, often spiny or bristly.

Eudicots

34
Q

Caryophyllaceae

A

Order: Caryophyllaceae

Carnation family

Annual and perennial herbs, stems usually with swollen nodes; leaves usually opposite, exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic, usually perfect; calyx typically of 5 sepals; corolla typically of 5 petals; stamens usually 5-10; carpels usually 2-5 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules many per ovary, usually free-central placentation; fruit usually a many-seeded capsule opening by teeth or valves; seeds with an ornamented seed coat. Lacks betalains, Anthocyanins are present

Eudicots

35
Q

Polygonaceae

A

Order: Caryophyllales

Buckwheat family

Annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, vines, and trees, stems with swollen nodes; leaves usually alternate (spiral), with nodal ocrea; flowers actinomorphic, usually perfect; perianth of typically 3+3 or 5 tepals; stamens usually 3+3 or 8; carpels usually 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovule 1 per ovary; fruit an achene or nutlet, often 3-sided and sometimes subtended by persistent tepals.

Eudicots

36
Q

Rosids

A
  • bitegmic ovules
  • crassinucellate ovules (those ovules in which nucellus grow a sufficient amount)
37
Q

Geraniaceae

A

Order: Geraniales

Geranium family

Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate (spiral) or opposite; palmately or pinnately compound or simple; flowers usually actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens usually 10, in two whorls; carpels usually 5 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules usually 2 per carpel; fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp of mericarps or follicles, usually separating from a persistent beak.

Eudicots

38
Q

Myrtales

A

Inferior ovary with a hypanthium

(stamen, petal, sepal, fused together)

39
Q

Onagraceae

A

Order: Myrtales

Evening-Primrose family

Herbs and shrubs; leaves alternate (spiral), opposite, or whorled, simple (undivided to pinnatifid; flowers actinomorphic, hypanthium present; calyx of typically 4 sepals; corolla of typically 4 petals; stamens usually 4+4; carpels usually 4 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules usually many per carpel; fruit a capsule, berry, or nut.

Eudicots

40
Q

Cucurbitaceae

A

Order: Cucurbitales

Cucumber family

Coarse, tendril-bearing vines; leaves alternate (spiral), extipulate, simple and often palmately lobed; flowers actinomorphic, typically imperfect (monoecious or dioecious), hypanthium present; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens 3-5; carpels usually 3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules usually many per ovary; fruit a berry, pepo, capsule, or samara.

Eudicots

41
Q

Fabaceae

A

Order: Fabales

Bean/Pea family

Herbs, shrubs, trees, and vines; leaves alternate (spiral), usually compound (pinnate, bipinnate, trifoliate); basal pulvini often present; flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic, usually perfect; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 free petals; stamens 5 or 10-many, filaments often brightly colored; carpel 1, ovary superior, ovules 2-many per carpel; f**ruit usually a legume. **

“banner, wings, and keel”. Pea-like pods, often with pinnate leaves

42
Q

Fagales

A

Most members are monoecious and wind-pollinated.

43
Q

Beulaceae

A

Order: Fagales

Birch family

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate (usually spiral); flowers actinomorphic, imperfect (monoecious), staminate flowers in pendulous catkins, pistillate flowers in pendulous or erect catkins; perianth of typically 1-6 sepals; corolla absent; stamens 1-many; carpels 2-3 (syncarpous), ovary inferior or superior, ovules 1-2 per carpel; fruit a nut or 2-winged samara, often enclosed in bracts.

No petals

Eudicots

44
Q

Fagaceae

A

Order: Fagales

Oak family

Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate (usually spiral); flowers actinomorphic, imperfect (usually monoecious); staminate flowers in catkins or heads, pistillate flowers at the base of staminate inflorescence or solitary; perianth typically of 6 tepals; stamens usually 6-12; carpels usually 3 or 6 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules 2 per carpel; fruit a nut, at least partially covered by a cupule of hardened bracts.

Eudicots

45
Q

Euphorbiaceae

A

Order: Malpighiales

Spurge family

Herbs, shrubs, tree, and vines, often with milky sap; leaves alternate (spiral), opposite or whorled, simple to variously compound; flowers typically actinomorphic, imperfect (monoecious or dioecious); cyathium present in some) calyx of 5 sepals (rarely absent); corolla of 5 petals (rarely absent); stamens 1-many; carpels usually 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1 per carpel; fruit a schizocarp, drupe, berry, or samara.

Eudicots

46
Q

Violaceae

A

Order: Malpighiales

Violet family

Herbs (ours), shrubs, small trees, and lianas; leaves alternate (spiral) or forming basal rosettes; flowers usually zygomorphic; calyx of 5 sepals; corolla of 5 petals, the anterior one often spurred; stamens usually 5; carpels usually 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a berry or loculicidal capsule, rarely a nut.

Eudicots

47
Q

Oxalidaceae

A

Order: Oxalidales

Oxalis family

Herbs, shrubs, and small trees, with acrid juice; leaves alternate (spiral) or forming basal rosettes, palmately (trifoliate) or pinnately compound, occasionally simple; flowers actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens 5+5; carpels usually 5 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 2-many per carpel; fruit a loculicidal capsule or berry.

48
Q

Rosaceae

A

Order: Rosales

Rose family

Trees, shrubs, and herbs, often with prickles or thorns (modifed branch); leaves typically alternate (spiral), simple to pinnately or palmately compound; flowers actinomorphic, hypanthium present; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens 20-many; carpels 1-many (syncarpous or apocarpous), ovaries superior or inferior; ovules 1-many per ovary; fruit a drupe, pome, hip, follicetum, achenecetum, or capsule.

49
Q

Brassicales

A

Possess glucosinolate secondary compounds

50
Q

Brassicaceae

A

Order: Brassicales

Mustard family

Herbs, with an odorous, watery sap; leaves typically alternate (spiral), often forming basal rosettes, simple or occasionally lobed to divided; flowers actinomorphic; calyx of 2+2 sepals; corolla of 4 petals (cruciate); stamens usually 6 (tetradynamous); carpels 2 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a silique or silicle with a persistent septum known as a replum.

4 petals and 6 stamens–4 tall and 2 short

51
Q

Malvaceae

A

Order: Malvales

Mallow family

Trees, shrubs, and herbs, often with stellate trichomes; leaves alternate (spiral), simple or palmately compound; flowers actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 valvate petals, sometimes fused at the base to the staminal column; stamens 5-many, united by their filaments; carpels usually 2-many (syncarpous), ovary usually superior, ovules 2-many per carpel; fruit usually a capsule or schizocarp of mericarps.

52
Q

Anacardiaceae

A

Order: Sapindales

Cashew family

Trees, shrubs, and woody vines; leaves usually alternate (spiral), simple, trifoliate, or pinnately compound; flowers actinomorphic, perfect or imperfect (dioecious, polygamous, or polygamodioecious); calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens usually 5-10; carpels usually 1-3 (usually syncarpous), ovary usually superior, ovules usually 1 per carpel; fruit a drupe with typically resinous mesocarp.

53
Q

Asterids

A

Iridoid compounds

Sympetalous corollas-fused

unitegmic ovules-having a single integument

tenuinucellate ovules -nucellus degenerates before the embryo sac reaches maturity,

54
Q

Cornaceae

A

Order: Cornales

Dogwood family

Trees and shrubs; leaves usually opposite, exstipulate, veins often curved forward; inflorescence often with large petaloid bracts; flowers actinomorphic, usually perfect; calyx of typically 4 sepals; corolla of typically 4-5 petals; stamens usually 4-5; carpels 2-4 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovule 1 per carpel; fruit usually a drupe.

55
Q

Ericaceae

A

Order: Ericales

Heath family

Shrubs and small trees, some members are mycotrophic; leaves typically alternate (spiral) and exstipulate, evergreen, coriaceous (leathery); flowers actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 fused petals; stamens usually 5+5, anthers inverted and opening by terminal pores; carpels usually 5 (syncarpous), ovary usually superior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a loculicidal or septicidal capsule, berry, or drupe.

56
Q

Polemoniaceae

A

Order: Ericales

Phlox family

Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, and small trees; leaves alternate (spiral), opposite, or whorled, exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; calyx of typically 5 fused sepals; corolla of typically 5 fused petals; stamens usually 5; carpels usually 3 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules 1-many per ovary; fruit a capsule.

57
Q

Boraginaceae

A

Borage family

Herbs primarily; leaves alternate (spiral), exstipulate; inflorescence typically helicoid or scorpoid cyme; flowers usually actinomorphic, usually perfect; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 fused petals; stamens usually 5, epipetalous; carpels 2, ovary superior and deeply 4-lobed, ovules 2 per carpel, style gynobasic; fruit usually a schizocarp of 4 nutlets, or a 1-4 seeded drupe.

58
Q

Apocynaceae

A

Order: Gentianales

Dogbane/Milkweed family

Trees, shrubs and herbs with milky sap; leaves typically opposite or whorled, exstipulate; flowers usually actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 fused sepals; corolla of 5 fused petals; stamens 5, pollen grouped in pollinia; carpels usually 2 (syncarpous), ovary usually superior, ovules many per carpel; fruit a berry, drupe, or follicle.

59
Q

Rubiaceae

A

Order: Gentianales

Coffee family

Trees, shrubs, and herbs; leaves usually opposite (decussate); flowers actinomorphic; calyx typically of 4-5 fused sepals; corolla of typically 4-5 fused petals, often hairy inside the throat; stamens usually 4-5, epipetalous; carpels usually 2 (syncarpous), ovary usually inferior, ovules 1-many per carpel; fruit a berry, loculicidal or septicidal capsule, drupe, or schizocarp.

60
Q

Lamiaceae

A

Order: Lamiales

Mint family

Herbs, shrubs, and trees with square stems, aromatic; leaves typically opposite, usually simple; flowers zygomorphic (bilabiate, 2-lobed upper lip, 3-lobed lower lip), often in a verticillaster; calyx of 5 fused sepals; corolla of 5 fused petals; stamens 2 or 4, epipetalous; carpels 2, ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed (gynoblastic), ovules 2 per carpel; fruit a schizocarp of 4 nutlets, a drupe, or a berry.

61
Q

Scrophulariaceae

A

Order: Lamiales

Figwort family

Shrubs or herbs; leaves usually opposite, simple to deeply pinnately lobed; flowers zygomorphic; calyx of typically 4-5 sepals; corolla of typically 4-5 fused petals; stamens usually 2-4 (sometimes 5 or with staminodes), epipetalous; carpels usually 2 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules many per ovary; fruit a septicidal capsule, berry, or schizocarp.

62
Q

Convolvulaceae

A

Order: Solanales

Morning Glory family

Vines, shrubs, or small trees, often with milky sap; leaves alternate (spiral), exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 fused petals; stamens usually 5, epipetalous; carpels usually 2 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules usually 2 per carpel; fruit usually a 4-valved capsule, berry, drupe, or nut.

63
Q

Solanaceae

A

Order: Solanales

Nightshade family

Herbs, shrubs, and trees, often with prickles; leaves alternate (spiral), simple or pinnately divided, exstipulate; flowers typically actino-morphic; calyx of 5 fused sepals; corolla of 5 fused petals; stamens usually 5, epipetalous, anthers often connivent (fused around the style instead of filaments); carpels usually 2 (syncarpous), ovary superior, ovules many per carpel; fruit a berry (sometimes enclosed by inflated persistent calyx), drupe, or septicidal capsule.

64
Q

Apiaceae

A

Order: Apiales

Carrot family

Compound (come from a single point) umbels. Usually hollow flower stalks

Herbs mainly, aromatic, often with hollow stem internodes; leaves alternate (spiral), typically pinnately or palmately compound, with sheathing bases; inflorescence usually a compound umbel; flowers actinomorphic; calyx of typically 5 sepals; corolla of typically 5 petals; stamens 5; carpels 2 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovules 1 per carpel; fruit a schizocarp of mericarps, supported by carpophores upon splitting.

65
Q

Asteraceae

A

Order: Asterales

Sunflower family

Composite Flowers in disk-like heads

Herbs, shrubs, or trees; leaves typically alternate (spiral) or opposite, simple or compound, exstipulate; inflorescences of involucrate heads (capitula) of 1-many florets on a common receptacle surrounded by phyllaries; flowers actinomorphic or zygo-morphic, perfect or imperfect; calyx absent or represented by pappus of 2-many awns, scales, or bristles; corolla of typically 5 fused petals of 3 structural types (bilabiate, disc, ray or ligulate); stamens usually 5 and syngenesious (anthers fused into a tube through which the style grows); carpels 2 (syncarpous), ovary inferior, ovule 1 per ovary; fruit an achene or cypsela (achene derived from an inferior ovary).

Biology (6 decks)

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