Family Medicine Review Flashcards
What two medications should be used for prophylaxis for migraines?
Beta blockers or verapamil (calcium channel blocker)
What’s the treatment for pertussis?
5-day course of azithromycin
A patient presenting with a swollen uvula and anterior cervical adenopathy is indicative of what condition?
Group A beta-hemolytic strep
Generally speaking, anterior cervical adenopathy is indicative of what?
A viral or bacterial pharyngitis
A patient who presents with posterior cervical adenopathy should be worked up for what condition?
Mononucleosis
What is the treatment for group A beta-hemolytic strep?
Amoxicillin
What is first-line therapy for symptomatic relief of peripheral vestibular disorder?
Antihistamines
What medication should be used for prophylactic management of cluster headaches?
Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)
What is the treatment for Rosacea?
Oral antibiotics
What’s the treatment for a patient who presents with persistent cough after acute bronchitis (a.k.a. hyper responsive airways, “post bronchitic cough”)?
An oral steroid taper
At what age should a woman begin getting routine mammographies?
50 years old
At what age should a young girl begin getting Pap smears and how often should she get them until what age?
Start at 21 years of age, continue for every three years until the age of 30.
For a young girl who was receiving continuous Pap smears, what changes at 30 years of age?
A physician can add HPV testing, and if negative, the patient would only have to receive Pap smears every 5 years
For a woman with a history of normal Pap smears, at what age should Pap smear screening stop?
65 years old
When should a patient start colon cancer screening with colonoscopies?
At 50 years old, repeated every 10 years
When should a patient get screened for colon cancer if they have a family history of colon cancer in a first degree relative?
Start at age 40 or 10 years after the age at which the relative was diagnosed, whichever comes first
If a patient is found to have familial adenomatous polyposis, what type of screening should be given, at what age, and at what interval thereafter?
Sigmoidoscopies should begin at age 12, repeat every year
When should prostate cancer screening be done? How effective is it?
Patients should not be screened for prostate cancer; there is no test that reduces mortality
What’s an interesting nuance to prostate cancer screening?
A patient may ask for a PSA to be measured, which should spark a conversation with the physician. If a patient asks…they can receive this testing, but the physician should make it aware that there is no true benefit to getting the test done
When should a patient be screened for lung cancer?
Patients should not be screened for lung cancer
At what age should lipid screening begin in men and women?
Men: 35 years old; women: 45 years old
What is the treatment goal for HDL?
> 40
For a patient with 0-1 risk factors, what should be the treatment goal for LDL through diet and medication, respectively?
Diet: LDL < 160
Drugs: LDL < 190
For a patient with two or more risk factors, what should be the LDL treatment goal via diet and drugs, respectively?
Diet: LDL <160
For a patient with coronary artery disease and equivalents, what should be the LDL treatment goal with combined diet and drug therapy?
LDL <100 with diet and drugs
What should be the LDL treatment goal for patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes?
LDL <70
When should screening for hypertension begin and at what interval thereafter?
> 18 years old; at least every two years after that
Diabetes can be diagnosed at a fasting blood glucose level greater than or equal to what number?
126 mg/dL
Diabetes can be diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test that exhibits a level greater than or equal to what number?
200 mg/dL
What is the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of diabetes?
Oral glucose tolerance test
Diabetes can be diagnosed at a hemoglobin A1C level greater than or equal to what percentage?
6.5%
Who and at what interval should the general population receive the influenza vaccine?
Everybody, every year!
Chronic steroid users, asplenic patients, the chronically ill, and the elderly 65 years of age and older should receive what vaccine?
Pneumococcal vaccine
For patients who are chronic steroid users, asplenic, and chronically ill, what should be the interval of re-vaccination?
Every 5 years; the elderly who are 65 years and older do not have to be revaccinated
The varicella zoster vaccine should be given to patients at what age?
60 years of age and older
When should an adult receive the chickenpox vaccine?
If he or she is seronegative (did not have the chickenpox as a child)
What specific population of patients should have the hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine?
Men who have sex with men
Should a patient diagnosed with diabetes receive a hepatitis vaccine? If so which one…
Yes; the hepatitis B vaccine
At what interval should patients receive the tetanus vaccine? What specific vaccine should be amongst these series of shots?
Every 10 years; the Tdap vaccine should be one of them
At what age should the meningococcal vaccine be given?
11 years old
What 3 specific adult populations should be given the meningococcal vaccine?
Patients who are asplenic, military recruits, and college students
What antibiotic is the first-line agent for malaria prophylaxis for travelers going to the Caribbean, Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Paraguay, and Argentina?
Chloroquine
What antibiotic combination is recommended for malaria prophylaxis in all malaria-endemic areas of the world, except for Chloroquine-sensitive endemic areas?
Atovaquone/proguanil
What two antibiotics are considered an alternative to atovaquone/proguanil?
Mefloquine and doxycycline
All sexually active women under the age of 25 should be offered what type of routine screening? What is the gold standard for this type of screening?
Routine screening for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV; the gold standard is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of endocervical specimen or urine for gonorrhea and chlamydia
