Family Med Flashcards
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Benzodiazepine overdose treatment
flumanezil
anticholinergic toxicity treatment
Physostigmine is a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
Mono symptoms
fever, pharyngitis, and (usually posterior cervical) adenopathy and splenomegaly
Rocky mountain spotted fever symptoms and trx?
Symptoms are a classic triad of headache, fever, and a vasculitic rash that begins at the wrists and ankles and spreads to the trunk, palms, and soles. Treatment is with doxycycline.
Her 2 positive breast cancer drug if (pro/est negative)
Trastuzumab
Signs of congenital syphilis..
absent nasal bridge, saber shins, rhinorrhea, disseminated rash, failure to thrive, and Hutchinson teeth.
Symptoms of Intussusception in a baby and best diagnostic test?
vomiting, lethargy, and a palpable abdominal mass. child may display signs of bouts of severe pain… U/S best Dx and a ‘target sign’ may be seen
Round lesions in that are often symmetrically distributed on both of the extremities
nummular eczema
Types of Ovarian Cancers
Cystadenocarcinoma- granular epithelium complex cysts, acites possible
Dysgerminomas- rare, fried egg histology, increased HCG and lactose dehydrogenase
Granulosa cell tumor- most common, Call-Exner histo, may produce progesterone/estrogen, breast tenderness
Yolk Sac- Solid, yellow, Schiller Duval histo, high alpha fetoprotein
cataplexy trx?
Venlafaxine (SNRI)
Torettes tic med?
Pimozide
Myasthenia-gravis symptoms and common cancerous assoc. ??
muscle fatigue and weakness, double vision
Thymoma in 20%
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Symptoms??
Polyuria, polydipsia, that is unaffected by water deprivation or desmopressin often a byproduct of bipolar trx
Blastomycosis infection
Big, broad based, Budding organism. East coast pneumonia like symptoms.
What is the best first option for treating disruptive/behavioral symptoms of dementia.
non pharmacological options
Achondroplasia gene
fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Usually Dominant
Cholesteatoma
conductive hearing loss in middle ear. keratinized tissue expansion
cryptorchidism trx
Surgical fixation ASAP to facilitate malignancy screening and increase chances of fertility
Kawasaki trx
asa and IVIG
pap findings in mono infection?
Atypical lymphocytes with clumped chromatin and irregular nuclei surrounded by normal RBCs
what causes secondary hyperparathyroidism?
CKD due to low blood calcium
TNFalpha inhibitor side effects??
reactivation of latent TB? used to treat crohn’s
tinea infection of the nail trx
terbinafine
SARS-CoV
a week of high fever and non-specific viral symptoms followed by development of a dry cough and dyspnea. often assoc. with Asia
Esophageal atresia or TEF Dx
feeding tube and chest x ray
Seborrheic keratoses can be associated with what?
internal malignancy
Aids defining cancers
Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Cervical carcinoma, Primary Central NS lymphoma (assoc with Epstein Barr virus)
Empirical trx of meningitis in adult over 50
Vanc + amp + ceftriaxone
What drug is contraindicated in HTN emergency
nifedipine a dihydropteridine Ca channel blocker
Molar pregnancies lab? dx?
Snowstorm appearance on US. Abnormally high fundal height on exam and more elevated hCG than expected
hemochromatosis dx?
genetic test positive for HFE mutations
What causes xanthoderma (yellow skin) in a person who is hypothyroid
Beta carotene
Main treatment for gastric carcinoma?
Surgical resection of cancer and lymph nodes
Open angle glaucoma progression?
Primary open-angle glaucoma is characterized by the insidious loss of peripheral visual fields. This loss progresses with the macula being the last place to loose vision. Leads to blindness
Anterior knee pain that gets worse with sitting, exercise and going up/down stairs? Relatively benign physical exam
patellofemoral pain syndrome
most common cause of non bloody diarrhea?
norovirus
Wilson’s disease trx?
D-penacillamine
Bacterial vaginosis sign and trx
fishy odor, homogenous white discharge. Metronidazole
what causes persistent hypokalemia despite treatment??
hypomagnesium
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome?
pelvic pain condition in men characterized by pelvic or perineal pain without evidence of uti
Steven Johnston’s pathophys and symptoms??
Type IV hypersensitivity. Oral lesions + red splotches and blistering
most common childhood heart tumors name and association?
Rhabdomyoma is associated with tuberous sclerosis
Signs that dengue fever has progressed to hemorrhagic fever?
petechiae, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
leptospirosis vs dengue fever??
both can cause hemorrhagic fever. Leptospirosis raises leukocytes. Dengue fever virus replicates in leukocytes lowering counts.
typhoid fever vs dengue fever
typhoid progresses in stages dengue can occur all at once.
Giant cell tumor or bone on xray?
Soap bubble
Primary trx of HTN in Normal vs DM pts?
normal: HCTZ DM: ACE inhibitor like Enalapril
Persistant Truncus arteriosus presentation?
hock-like picture, with poor feeding. lethargy, tachypnea, and diaphoresis, as pulmonary vascular resistance falls and pulmonary over circulation increases, causing congestive heart failure.
Hartnup disease pathophys?
tryptophan transporter deficiency leading to Vit B3 loss (niacin) (SLC6A19) gene
Vit B3 deficiency (niacin) symptoms?
pellagra, a dry, scaly, eczema-like rash with well-defined margins. sun-sensitivity . Other findings include intermittent cerebellar ataxia, a wide-based gait, spasticity, delayed motor development, double vision
Spontaneous pneumothorax trx small vs large
Small: high flow O2, Large: needle decompression
most likely region of head to fracture following blunt trauma?
Temporal bone
Scaphoid fracture and imaging
often missed on x-ray after fall on outstretched hand so go to MRI
When is asymptomatic bacteriuria treated?
pregnancy. Oral nitrofurantoin
finger clubbing, recurrent respiratory infections and egophony in a young child
cystic fibrosis
Raynauds phenomenon trx?
Amlodipine
At what age can you give IGRA to test for TB
After age 5
