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Sociology - family and households > Family and Households > Flashcards

Family and Households Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define household

A

A person living alone or a group of people living together that could be related

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2
Q

Define family

A

A monogamous marriage between a man and a women and their children sharing the same residence ( nuclear family)

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3
Q

What are the 5 types of relationships and their meanings

A

-kin = a close relationship or connected by blood
-marriage = legal union
-monogamy=between one man and women
-polyGAMY= more then one women
-polyANDRY= more then one man

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4
Q

How many studies did Murdock do and what did they signify

A

He studied 250 studies
Each society had a nuclear family that provided 4 functions

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5
Q

What are the 4 functions a nuclear family provides from the Murdocks study

A

Sexual gratification (stable satisfaction)
Reproduction of the next generation
Meeting economic needs of its members
Socialisation of children ( process of upbringing a child with society’s norms and value’s )

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6
Q

Blurting

A

53% of women live alone
66% of families are married or in a civil partnership
19% are in cohabiting relationships
84% women are the head of a lone parent families
16% men are the head

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7
Q

What is the alternative view from talcott parson on murdocks study of the 4 functions of a Neuclar family

A

Talcott Paroson- the Morden family is stripped to two basic functions:
- socialisation of family
*primary socialisation = family teach children the norms and values associated with their family
*secondary socialisation = schools,media,religion
- stabilisation of adult
Personality (emotional gratification)
* family provides emotional support and reproduction is a result of that as parson argued that families helped to prevent adults from behaving in disruptive ways
* warm bath theory = when a man comes home from a hard day at work he can relax into his family

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8
Q

Define what symmetrical family

A

Responsibility’s are equally divided

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9
Q

Blurt the types of family worksheet

A
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10
Q

What is parsons view on couples roles

A

Men and women have BIOLOGICALLY suited roles that are functional for society
*Expressive role = primary socialisation of children and meeting the family’s emotional needs ( women - homemaker)
*Instrumental role = to achieve success at work to provide financial support for the family ( men - bread-winner)

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11
Q

What’s the evaluation of parson view

A

Positives - clear structure to a family
Negative - *outdated as more women are becoming instrumental roles
*Doesn’t consider same sex family’s where roles cant be split biologically
*Single parent families where one parent performs everything

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12
Q

what is Elizabeth botl (1975) theory on the divison of labour

A

Segregated conjugal roles = male is the bread winner and the women is the homemaker
Joint conjugal roles= couples share the tasks and money

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13
Q

what is the young and Willmott theory on the division of labour

A

take on a march of progress view they see family life as gradually improving for all its members as it becoming more equal and symmetrical as they argue that there has been a long term trend away from segregated conjugal roles to now joint conjugal roles as women are going out to work this is leading to a higher equal division of labour as men are getting more involved in housework as women are getting more involved in paid work

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14
Q

Define the march a progress

A

By 1973 the trend goes towards joint conjugal roles as men lean towards more house work and women go to work

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15
Q

What are the reason for a rise in symmetrical family’s

A

Changes in the position of a women - job discrimination
Geographical mobility - couples moving away from community they grew up in
New tec and labour saving devices
Better standard of living - more restaurants

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16
Q

What are the reasons for a march a progress from young and willmott (1973)

A
  • feminism movement - equal pay act
  • housework decreases as there new tec that quicken labour time
    -contraceptives pill allows more control on reproduction
  • better education for women and more jobs available
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17
Q

what is the feminist theory of explaining the division of labour

A

Ann Oakley (1974) - feminist view - rejects young and Willmott view on the division of labour as there is no evidence of a trend towards symmetrical family as only 15% of husbands had a high level of participation in housework and only 25% had a high level of participation in childcare as young and Willmott exaggerate men’s contribution by looking at the tasks involved in childcare as not a responsibility as women are required to perform a triple shift (emotional/housework/ paid work) as Domestic labour is heavily sex -typed
as men do diy house work while women do cooking and cleaning

18
Q

define the meaning of dual burden

A

women do paid work and housework

19
Q

define the meaning of triple burden

A

paid work/housework/emotional work

20
Q

what is the cultural and material explanation for seeing a division of labour in Morden family’s

A

cultural explanation= division of labour due to patriarchal norms and values
material explanation= women earn less money / spend more time in the home

21
Q

what are the two main types of control over family income that pahl and volger found to explain the resource and decision making in couples

A

allowance system = men give wives an allowance to budget
pooling= both parties have access to the income and have a joint responsibility eg. joint bank account

22
Q

what are the inequality’s that Edgell found in 1980 in middle class couples

A

men made the financial decisions - moving house, car
while women made decisions such as interior design , children clothes, food and domestic spending

23
Q

what are the types of abuse within families

A

physical abuse - domestic violence
emotional abuse - seek to dominate through shamming
neglect- essential food, sleep
sexual abuse- takes place between close family members

24
Q

what is the feminism explanation for the reasoning for abuse

A

domestic violence is evident of patriarchy as men dominate women through domestic violence as the patriarchal system helps and maintain mens power and pushes abuse on women

25
Q

what is the material explanation ( wilkinson 1996) for the the reasoning of abuse

A

domestic violence is a result of stress on family members caused by social inequality. Those on low income and those living in overcrowded accommodation are likely to experience high level of stress which decrease the chances of a caring relationship and increases the risk of violence

26
Q

evaluation of feminism

A

pros:
highlights the idea of toxic masculinity and given an idea about how masculinity in the family can dominate over a women
suggest power and wealth is required to be distributed more equally to reduces chances of dv
cons:
abuse happens in all classes
not all men are violent and abusive so not all women are equally of risks to abuse
dosent talk about why women abuse children or men

27
Q

why are the reasoning of a victims not leaving a violent relationship

A

emotional - attachemt to a partner, belief that they may change, fear of consqeuences
economic - no sustianable moving alternative , cultures and religions may be againsit divorce
law enforcement wont take the situation seriously

28
Q

what gender is most responsible for most divorce petitions

A

women (65%)

29
Q

what is the most common reason for a women to be granted a divorce

A

unreasonable behaviour from her husband
*marriages are decreasing due to a 3rd wave of feminism

30
Q

why is divorce on the increase - ask miss about this

A

1971: divorce reform act - made irretrievable breakdowns grounds available after 2 years of divorce
1996: family law act- encourages mediation but allows for divorce after a period of reflection
2004: civil partnership act - applies same grounds to dissolution of civil partnership
2014: same sex marriage act - gives the same right to all marriages including divorce

31
Q

what group is divorce rate the highest

A
  • among men and women in their late 20s
    -teenage marriage are twice as likely to get divorce
    -childless couples
  • partners from different social class or religious backgrounds
    -long distant couples
32
Q

what is the post Morden perspective

A

an approach that says society has become so unstable and diverse.so it is impossible to produce any accurate explanation of any social issue or social exchange. As such sociologist should celebrate the diversity of society rather than trying to explain it from one point of view

33
Q

what is the new right perspective

A

a conservative political perspective. who supports in belief of self-reliance and induvial choice. They value a nuclear family and argue that people have become to dependent on the government which encourages the growth of underclass

34
Q

functionalist perspective on divorce

A

high divorce rate dose not prove that marriage as a social instution
as it just shows people high perspectives
high remarriages show a commitment to the idea of marriage

35
Q

feminism perspective on divorce

A

high divorce = desirable
women liberation
women are breaking free of the oppression of the patriarchal necualr family

36
Q

new right perspective on divorce

A

high divorce is undesirable
undermines the traditional nuclear family
creates an underclass of welfare dependent female lone parents
leaves young children without a motherly or fatherly figure
David Cameron tax reduction for couples that stay together - preserves a nuclear family

37
Q

post Morden perspective on divorce

A

encourages high divorce
gives people the freedom to choose what they want
generates family diversity

38
Q

what % of marriages end in divorce

A

42%

39
Q

reasons for change in marriage statics

A

more remarriages
average age of a marriage is increasing (30-W , 32-M)
couple are less likely to get married in a church

40
Q

people who dont get married what are the alternatives

A

cohabiting - fastest growing household
same sex relationship - 69,000 same sex couples co habit
living in one person household

41
Q

what is the difference between cohabiting and marriage

A

*cohabiting is another name for marriage
cohabiting dose not offer the same legal rights that a marriage dose

42
Q

how many people identify as an lgbtq person in the uk

A

1.4 million

Sociology - family and households (4 decks)

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