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Sociology Paper with Mrs carr > Family > Flashcards

Family Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Marxists view of family

A

Children are taught to submit
Opposed to capitalism which is driven by profit and based on the ownership of private property
Harder to go on strike because you have to provide for family

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2
Q

Althusser

A 
Family unit establishes a hierarchy of the norm ‘dad is the boss’ meaning that later on in life the children will take orders from their employers 
Family passes on the ideas and beliefs of the ruling class maintaining a false class consciousness
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3
Q

Zaretsky

A

Family is an escape from feelings of oppression and exploitation at work meaning they are less likely to challenge their poor treatment at the hands of the ruling class

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4
Q

Engels

A

Monogamous nuclear family
Criticism of family life is that ‘women are essentially prostitutes offering sex and offspring in return for economic security’
Passing on property to his offspring

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5
Q

Other Marxists

A

Family as a unit of consumption - workers produce goods, but also buy them
Pester power - more profits for the owners and shareholders of the companies producing the goods

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6
Q

Marxist Feminists

A

Women are doubly exploited
Contribute to the system without getting paid
Provide a ‘sanctuary’ for men - so that they do not challenge the system
Teach the children capitalist ideals
Ruling class benefit from women’s participation

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7
Q

Evaluating the Marxist view

A

Out of date - women work and do not rely on their partners
Increasingly couples choose to remain childless send money on travel or cars - contradicting Engels view
Children are exposed to a much wider range of socialising experiences therefore are more likely to challenge authority
Rising divorce rates - that there is more shoring up the capitalist system than family life
High unemployment means that they won’t challenge their job in the fear of losing it therefore family is still a useful unit of consumption

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8
Q

Feminists

A

Argue that housework is just as tedious as work outside the home
In effect women do two jobs because they are expected to run the home and care for the children

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9
Q

Liberal Feminists

A

Against sex stereotyping
Paternity and maternity leave - women will suffer less discrimination at work because the employers will not fear them leaving cause of being pregnant
Argue for better and cheaper childcare so that women can continue their careers
Want to see stronger action against domestic violence

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10
Q

Radical Feminists

A

Argue that liberal feminists are not addressing why inequality is happening in the first place
Family is a patriarchal institution - women steer clear of men altogether and reject family life

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11
Q

Separatism

A

Radical feminists organise themselves to live separately to men
Some argue for political lesbianism

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12
Q

Criticism of the Feminist view

A

Women’s roles are not the same in all families
Hakim - women enjoy being wives and mothers because they find it rewarding and fulfilling
2/3 of divorces are initiated by women therefore women do not feel trapped or powerless in a relationship

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13
Q

Functionalists

A

See family as an institution that contributes to the smooth running of society
Beneficial institution contributing to social stability

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14
Q

Murdock

A 
4 main functions of family life:
Sexual
Reproduction
Socialisation 
Economic
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15
Q

Criticise of Murdock

A

Argue that other institutions could perform the functions of the family
Eduction helps to socialise children, the economy helps provide basic needs like money for food and shelter
However Murdock says that family is the most practical way which is why it it universal

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16
Q

Functional fit theory

A

Parsons

Function of the family depends on the society in which it is found and this will affect its shape or structure

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17
Q

Multi functional unit

A

Parsons
Pre industrial society people tended to live in extended families
Family farms would provide jobs

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18
Q

Geographical mobility

A

Parsons
When the country became industrialised this gave way to the modern nuclear family meaning that people needed to move away for work
Now more socially mobile in an industrialised society

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19
Q

Mobile nuclear family

A

Parsons
Structurally isolated
No obligation to help the wider extended family

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20
Q

Structural differentiation

A

Parsons

Family has lost some of its functions - no longer units of production but instead units of consumption

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21
Q

However parsons argues that

A

Modern nuclear family still specialises in performing two essential functions:
Primary socialisation of children
Stabilisation of human personalities

22
Q

Sexual division of labour

A

Parsons
Women have an expressive role - relieves tension
Men have an instrumental role as breadwinners

23
Q

Supporters of the new right

A

Traditional heterosexual family is essential for social stability
Men are authority figures and women play nurturing roles
This is the best way to bring up children to become conformist, responsible adults

24
Q

The new right - what encourages families to be non traditional (4)

A

Rising divorce rate
Lone parents
Cohabitation
Homosexual couples

25
Q

The new right - what undermines society (5)

A

Rising number of teenage pregnancies, alcohol and drug abuse and lack of respect amongst young people
Working mothers are putting their careers before the care of their children
Lone parents - bringing up boys without male role model as a mother is unable to adequately discipline her sons

26
Q

The new right Murray

A

Welfare support - encourages single women to have children that they could not otherwise afford
Benefits lead to a dependency culture where people choose not to work

27
Q

The new right government polices

A

They should reverse the decline of traditional families - cutting welfare for those living in non conventional families and giving tax relief to married couples

28
Q

Aries

A

Childhood was a result of industrialisation as laws were introduced to protect children from working in harsh environments as they are now seen as vulnerable and innocent
Changes in technology means that parents can no longer teach their children making education a necessity
1880 compulsory schooling - children more dependent on their parents - over the years dependency has lengthened cause children now spend more time in education

29
Q

Postman

A

Childhood is now disappearing as there is little difference between children’s and adults clothes as well as they no longer enjoy unsupervised play
Rise in printing later into TVs
In the Middle Ages fewer people could read meaning that children could easily enter adult life
Nowadays children are introduced to adult themes because of TVs whereas they couldn’t do this with printing
Many argue that Postman’s idea is too focused on TVs

30
Q

Jenks

A

Childhood isn’t disappearing as in chaotic post modern times which are increasingly unstable
Couples would split up making children more significant because they cannot walk out on their parents
Children are now more precious

31
Q

Cross cultural differences

A

Girls restricted childhood in Asian families with strictly controlling parents
Women tend to grow up faster to take care of the household
Girls are poorly educated

32
Q

Historical attitudes to childhood

A

‘Nothing special’ and paintings showed adult faces on children ‘little adults’
Children used to be punished the same as adults but are now seen as too young to understand

33
Q

Declining family size and lower infant mortality

A

Parents make a greater financial and emotional investment in the fewer children they have

34
Q

Older siblings

A

Required to take on a more adult role of looking after their younger siblings

35
Q

Modern Britain differences

A

People have different expectations of childhood

36
Q

Richer parents

A

More likely to encourage their children to go to university making them dependent for longer

37
Q

Causes of child centredness (5)

A

Smaller families means more time for children
Earn more money to spend on their children
Children are better educated therefore express what they want more
More school clubs and activities means that parents ferry around the children
Large businesses target children ‘pester power’ more money spent on children

38
Q

Individualisation thesis

A

Giddens and Beck
People have more opportunities to decide for themselves how to shape their lives
Traditional attitudes and expectations have weakened

39
Q

Why does the new right have a negative attitude towards gay marriage, cohabitation and lone parenting

A

They are traditionalists who want to return to the instrumental and expressive roles played by men and women respectively

40
Q

What do the rapoports argue

A

That diversity is a positive response to people’s different needs

41
Q

Beck

A

Now live in a ‘risk society’
Less stable relationships
Commitment is risky because you may end up as a lone parent

42
Q

Negotiated family

A

Do not conform to the traditional family and members decide what is best for them
Less stable because individuals may leave if their needs are not met leading to greater family diversity

43
Q

Giddens

A

Contraception has allowed sex to be the main reason for relationships
Women have gained independence because of the feminist movement and greater opportunities in education and work

44
Q

Confluent love

A

Giddens

Move away from romantic love

45
Q

Pure love

A

Giddens
Conditional love that is maintained providing both parties find it fulfilling
However this leads to insecurity knowing your partner can leave to find someone more fulfilling

46
Q

Smart

A 
Thinks the individualisation thesis exaggerates the changing situation 
Working class families and families from different ethnic cultures often still live by traditional norms 
Even though people are living differently today they still retain many of the traditional social values
47
Q

Connectedness thesis

A

Smart
Most life choices are still made within a web of family connections and expectations
Challenges the idea of pure love because to an extent we are still influenced by external factors

48
Q

Chester

A

Does not regard family diversity as particularly significant
There is little change and people still aspire to live in a nuclear family

49
Q

Donzelot

A

Rejects the functionalist idea that state polices contribute to the march of progress
Social policy is away of controlling families calls this policing of families

50
Q

March of progress

A

Young and Willmott

The early industrial family was based on segregated roles where men and women had clearly defined tasks

Sociology Paper with Mrs carr (2 decks)

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