Families-couples Flashcards
Parsons (1955)
-Instrumental-The breadwinner of the family (man).
-Expressive-The homemaker (women).
Young and Willmott (1973)
-The symmetrical - The roles of husband and wife are not identical but very similar.
-March of Progress - Working towards equality and democracy.
-Symmetrical family - Having joint conjugal roles.
Anne Oakley (1974)
-The symmetrical family claims are exaggerated.
-Although men do some of the housework, women still do the most.
-Inequality stems from the fact that we still live in a male dominated society.
Jonathan Gershuny (1994)
-March of progress view
-Women working full time is leading to a more equal division of labour.
-Women working full time led them to do less domestic work.
Oriel Sullivan (2000)
-When were now doing more traditional tasks.
-A trend with women doing less doemstic labour and men now doing more.
-There has been a rise in couples with an equal division of labour.
British Social Attitudes (2013)
-A survey done showed that many people still think that its a mens job to make money and women to do look after the househols and kids.
-Women and men now agree this less from when it was done in 1984.
British Social Attitudes (2012)
-On average, men did 8 hours of housework and women did 13 hours.
-On average, men spent 10 hours on caring for family members while women spent 23 hours.
-Couples continue to divide household tasks into traditional gender lanes.
-Women care for the sick while men do small repairs in the house.
Ferri and Smith (1996)
Dex and Ward (2007)
Braun, Vincent and Ball (2011)
-Fathers took responsability for childcare fewer than 4% of families.
-Although fathers have a high l;evel of involvement, when there 3 year old is sick, fewer than 1% of fathers take responsability.
-Only 3/70 of families had fathers as the main caregiver. Most were in the background and more focused on the relationship with there partener rather than the child.
Arlie Russell Hochschild (2013)
-Women have a duel burden which means that they are the homemaker and have a paid job as well ( this links to high dicorce rates).
Duncombe and Marsden
-The triple shift idea.
-This idea is that women do the emotional work, housework and have a paid job.
Dale Southerton (2011)
-Idea that women schedule, coordinate and manage quality time of the family.
Crompton and Lyonette (2008)
-Culteral v material explanation.
-Culteral: Equality will be achieved when norms of gender roles change which would involve a change in womens and mens attitudes.
-Couples in an equal relationship are more likely to share housework equaly.
-Material: If women join the labour force and earn as much as their parteners, we should expect to see more equal amounts of domestic work.
-Middle class women are more likley to be able to buy domestic products.
Millet and Firestone (1970)
-All societies have been founded on patriachy.
-Men are the oppressors, expoilters and enemys of women.
Faith Robertson Elliott (1996)
-Not all men benifit from violence against women amd most are opposed to domestic violence.
-Radical feminist fail to explain female violence, including child abuse and violence against men and lesibian relationaships.
Wilkinson and Pickett (2010)
-They see domestoc violence as the resuly of stress on family members caused by social inequality.
-The material explanation focuses on economic and material factors like inequalies of income.
Fran Ansley (1972)
-The material explaination describes wives as ‘takers of shit’ and argues that domestic violence is the product of capitalism: male workers are expoilted at work and take out there frustrations on their wives.
Barret and Macintosh (1991)
-Men gain more from womens domestic work than they give back in financial support.
-The financial support that husbands give is unpredictable and come with ‘strings attached’.
-Men usually make the important financial desicions.
Pahl and Vogler (1993,2007)
-The two main types of control with money:
-Allowence system: men gives an allowance to women which they have to budget to meet needs.
-Pooling: both partners have access to income and joint responsability for expenditure.
Hardill (1997)
Edgell (1980)
-Important decisions are either taken by men alone or jointly and womens lives tend to be structed around their husbands lives.
-Important decisions were taken by the husband alone or jointly and the man would have the financial decision.
Laurie and Gershuny (2000)
-By 1995, 70% of couples said they had an equal say in decisions.
-Women who had high qualifying, high paying and professional jobs were more likley to have equlity.
Nymm (2003)
-Money has no automatic, fixed or natraul meaning and different couples can define it in different ways and this can reflect the nature of their relationship.
Smart (2007)
Weeks (2001)
-Some gay men and lesbians attached no importance to who controlled the money and were perfectly happy to leave it to their partner.#
They also didnt see money as a meaning of equality or inequality.
-Pooling reflects the value of independence as partner have seperate bank accounts for their own personal spending.
