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Sociology - families and houseolds - keywords > families and households - keywords > Flashcards

families and households - keywords Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Achieved Status

A

a person’s position in society based on hard work and effort.

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2
Q

Age Patriarchy

A

Gittens - the power adults have over children. It is the same way men have power over women.

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3
Q

Ageism

A

negative stereotyping/prejudice/discrimination of people based on their age.

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4
Q

Agencies of socialisation

A

family, education, religion, media and peer group - all of these teach us the norms and values of our society through rewards and sanctions.

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5
Q

Alienation

A

Individual/group feels socially isolated and estranged because they lack the power to control their lives and realise their true potential

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6
Q

Ascribed status

A

a person’s position in society based on birth

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7
Q

Arranged marriage

A

a marriage planned and agreed by the families or guardians of the couple concerned

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8
Q

Baby boom

A

a temporary marked increase/large increase in birth rate - the number of babies that are born - E.g: WW2

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9
Q

Bigamy

A

The offence of marrying someone while being already married to another person

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10
Q

Birth rate

A

the number of live birth per thousand of the population per year

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11
Q

bourgeoisie

A

Marxist term for the capitalist class - these people were the owners of the means of production (factories, machinery, raw materials, land, etc). They are the ruling class. Marx believes they have political and ideological power.

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12
Q

Child centred

A

giving priority to the interests and needs of children

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13
Q

childhood

A

a socially defined age-status. Western societies defined childhood as vulnerable and segregated

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14
Q

civil partnership

A

civil partnership act 2005 - giving same sex couples similar legal rights as to married couples

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15
Q

commune

A

a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities

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16
Q

culture

A

a way of life of a group of people passed from generation to the next

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17
Q

Death rate

A

the number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

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18
Q

demography

A

the study of population including birth, death, fertility and infant mortality rate, immigration and emigration, age structure and the reasons for changes

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19
Q

dependency culture

A

when people assume that the state will support them, rather than relying on their own efforts and taking responsibility for their families

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20
Q

dependency ratio

A

the relationship between the size of the working population and the non-working or dependent population

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21
Q

divorce

A

a legal dissolution of a marriage by a count or other competent body

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22
Q

Divorce Law Reform Act 1969

A

easier for couples to escape an unhappy marriage. Neither partner has to prove fault with their husband or wife. There is an increased divorce rate

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23
Q

domestic abuse

A

any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive and threatening behavior, violence or abuse between those aged 16 and over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless if gender or sexuality

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24
Q

domestic labour

A

work performed in the home. E.g: childcare, cooking, cleaning etc

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25
Q

dual burden

A

when a person is responsible for two jobs. Usually applied to the women who are in paid work but are also responsible for domestic labour.

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26
Q

Emigration

A

the act of leaving one’s country to settle permanently in another, moving abroad

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27
Q

empty shell marriage

A

a marriage in name only. It is where the couple continues to live under the same roof but as separate individuals

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28
Q

Expressive role

A

the caring, nurturing, ‘homemaker’ role in the family

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29
Q

extended family

A

any group of kin (people related by blood, marriage, adoption) extended beyond the nuclear family. Vertically (grandparents) Horizontally ( aunts, uncles, cousins)

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30
Q

family diversity

A

idea that there is a range of different family types. there is choice about the relationship you want - creating greater family diversity

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31
Q

familistic gender regimes

A

family orientated social policies are based on the assumption that the husband works to support the family while the wife stays at home and is responsible for domestic work and child learning

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32
Q

feminism

A

a sociological perspective and political movement that focuses on women’s oppression and the struggle to end it. Feminist argue that sociology has traditionally taken a ‘male stream’ viewpoint that ignores women

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33
Q

functional fit

A

Parson’s theory that, with industrialistion the structure of the family becomes nuclear to fit the needs of the individual society for a geographically and socially mobile labour force

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34
Q

geographical mobility

A

being able to move around the country

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35
Q

household

A

one person living alone or a group of people who live at the same address and share living arrangements

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36
Q

Housing Act - 1977

A

Made it the responsibility of local authorities to re-house certain categories of people (mainly families) providing they had left a violent man should not be seen as having intentionally made themselves homeless and should be re-housed

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37
Q

Immigration

A

people coming into the country to live and work

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38
Q

individualistic gender regimes

A

based their family-oriented social policies on the belief that husbands and wives should be treated the same. Wives are not assumed to be financially dependent on their husbands. This means that each partner has a separate entitlement to state benefits

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39
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of babies who die in their first year as a population of all live births

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40
Q

information hierarchy

A

structure and priority given to various pieces of information

41
Q

instrumental role

A

the breadwinner or provide role in the family. Functionalists see this as the man’s role

42
Q

Legal Aid Act 1949

A

British Act of Parliament - extended welfare state so that those who were unable to pay for a solicitor were able to access free legal help

43
Q

life course

A

a sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over time

44
Q

life cycle

A

the series of changes in the life of an organism including reproduction

45
Q

life expectancy

A

how long on average people who are born in a given year can expect to live

46
Q

marriage rate

A

the ratio of marriages to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time

47
Q

marxism

A

a conflict theory based on the ideas of Karl Marx. He sees society divided into two opposing classes. Marx’s predicts the lower class would eventually overthrow the higher class

48
Q

means of production

A

facilities and resources for producing goods. (facilities, machinery, etc)

49
Q

modified extended family

A

an extended family living far apart but in regular contact by phone, email, etc

50
Q

monogamy

A

the practice of having only one partner

51
Q

net migration

A

the difference between the number of immigrants entering a country and the number of emigrants leaving it

52
Q

norm

A

an unwritten, informal rule that guides our behaviour in a particular situation. Norms come from our values. They are enforced through positive or negative sanctions - rewards or punishments

53
Q

nuclear family

A

a two - generation family of a norm and women and their dependent children, own or adopted

54
Q

official statistics

A

quantitative data collected by the government. They can be gathered wither by registration or b official surveys

55
Q

patriarchy

A

literally means ‘rule by the father’. Feminists use it to describe a male dominated society. male power over women

56
Q

primary socialisation

A

a process of passing on society’s norms and values to younger generations by he family

57
Q

postmodernism

A

society and changes in society characterized by chaos and uncertainty and choices; a consumer led society

58
Q

pure realtionship

A

one which exists solely to meet each partner’s needs. couples stay together for love, happiness or sexual attraction, rather than because of tradition or for the sake of the children

59
Q

proletariat

A

the working class in capitalist society. They own no means of production and are ‘wage slaves’ forced to sell their labour. the power is with the bourgeoisie in order to survive

60
Q

reconstituted family

A

a step-family, in which one or both partners has children from a previous relationship

61
Q

reserve army of labour

A

a marxist concept describing groups who can be brought into the workforce when there is a labour shortage as the capitalist economy expands during a boom and discarded when it contracts

62
Q

role

A

describes a person’s expected and acceptable behaviour. E.g: we expect a doctor to be a professional

63
Q

role conflict

A

occurs when one of our roles clashes with another one E.g: daughter, student, friend

64
Q

Secularisation

A

the decline of religion; the process whereby religious beliefs, practices and institutions lose their importance and influence

65
Q

separatism

A

a radical feminist idea that women should live separately from men as the only way to free themselves of the patriarchal oppression of the family

66
Q

separation

A

the action or state of moving or being moved apart

67
Q

serial monogamy

A

a series of long term realtionships

68
Q

secondary socialisation

A

a process a passing on society’s norms and values to younger generations by other social institutions such as education, religion, media and peer group

69
Q

segregated conjugal roles

A

traditional sexual division of labour where women take care of domestic labour and men take responsibility as breadwinner and head of the household

70
Q

social class

A

social groupings or hierarchy based on differences in wealth, income or occuption

71
Q

social construct

A

where something is created by social processes, rather than simply occurring naturally

72
Q

social institutions

A

family, education, workplace, religion, media and peer groups

73
Q

social policy

A

the actions, plans and programmes of government bodies and agencies that aim to deal with the problem or achieve a goal

74
Q

socialisation

A

process of passing on society’s norms and values to younger generations

75
Q

society

A

a group of people who have common interest and a distinctive culture

76
Q

sociology

A

study of society

77
Q

status

A

a person’s position and standing in society

78
Q

subculture

A

a group in society whose norms and values are different from the mainstream culture

79
Q

stigma

A

a negative label or mark of disapproval, discredit or shame attached to a person, group or characteristic. The stigma is used to justify the exclusion of the individual from normal social interaction

80
Q

subculture

A

a group in society whose norms and values are different from the mainstream culture

81
Q

symmetrical family

A

a nuclear family in which both parents perform equally important roles

82
Q

triple shift

A

some sociologists argue that women in modern society carry triple shift burden of housework, paid work and emotion work

83
Q

underclass

A

those at the lowest level of the structure; a class below the working class with a separate, deviant subculture and lifestyle, including a high rate of lone-parent families, male unemployment and criminality

84
Q

unit of consumption

A

unlike the pre-industrial family, the modern family no longer works together but still consumes together as a single unit or group the income that its members earn

85
Q

unit of production

A

where family members work together as economic producers, said to be more common in pre-industrial society

86
Q

value

A

a general, unwritten belief and idea about appropriate behaviour. Values vary cross-culturally - each society in the world has its own values.

87
Q

value consensus

A

agreement among society’s members about what values are important; a shared culture. It integrates individuals into society by giving them a sense of solidarity

88
Q

welfare state

A

where the government or state takes responsibility for people’s well being, especially their basic minimum needs. (It provides minimum income, NHS, state education, council housing etc)

89
Q

cohabiting couple

A

this unit consists of an unmarried couple in a sexual relationship living together with or without children. 60% of these couples do end up getting married and treat living together as a practise marriage to see if they will get along

90
Q

conventional family

A

traditional family - it is the ‘ideal’ family. Its members cooperate with each other. They share and nurture each other

91
Q

dark side of the family

A

refers to the abuse within the family, particularly, but not exclusively, towards women and children

92
Q

empty nest family

A

this family unit consists of an elderly couple living alone once their children have grown up. They start off as nuclear families, but when the children grow up, they move away (go to uni). This leaves their parents living alone

93
Q

joint conjugal roles

A

(intrigate gender roles) - the couple share housework and childcare and are both in paid employment

94
Q

lone parent family

A

single parent family. This family unit consists of a mum/dad living together with his/her children. This usually is a result of divorce, but increasingly people are choosing to bring up children alone

95
Q

polygamy

A

being married to more than one person at the same time

96
Q

polyandry

A

means that a woman has more than one husband at the same time

97
Q

polygyny

A

a man has two or more wives at the same time

98
Q

same sex family

A

this type of family became possible following the introduction of the Civil Partnership Act 2005. It is made up of a homosexual couple and their children. They can have children through IVF treatment, adoption and surrogacy

99
Q

singleton/singlehood

A

a person living alone, usually a young adult or an elderly person. The recent increase in singleton is due to emphasis on education and career, increase in divorce rates, decline in marriage rates, marrying at a later age

Sociology - families and houseolds - keywords (12 decks)

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