Families And Households Flashcards
What type of family has many generations but not many in each generation?
Bean pole
Which sociologist coined the term ‘Warm Bath Theory’?
Parsons
Name one way in which childhood could be said to be toxic.
Junk food, technology and video games, lack of parental engagement
Which sociologist is associated with the ‘sociology of personal life’?
Carol Smart
Which sociologist thinks that childhood is disappearing?
Postman
Identify one government policy from the last 40 years which has impacted the family.
Children’s Act, Civil Partnerships, Child Support Agency, Paternity Leave, New Deal, Gay Marriage Act, Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act
Which sociologist completed a study looking at housewives and housework?
Anne Oakley
What is the triple shift?
Emotional work, paid work, domestic labour
Which family type has the mother in charge?
Matrifocal
Which perspective believes that the traditional family is disintegrating which is leading to the collapse of society?
New Right
What is the general trend in births since 1900?
Decline
Give one reason for rise in divorce.
Divorce Reform Act, secularisation, less stigma, rise in expectations, changing role of women
What is a social norm?
Unwritten rule of behaviour
Define the term infant mortality rate.
Number of infant deaths before their first birthday per thousand live births per year
What is the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage?
Arranged marriage means they still have choice, but a forced marriage doesn’t have choice and is illegal
How often is the UK census completed?
10 years
What is migration?
The movement from one country to another
What term is used to describe a family where there are multiple wives?
Polygamy
What is a symmetrical family?
Where there is equality between the partners in terms of domestic labour and decision making
What is the definition of fertility rate?
The average number of children a woman can have during her childbearing years (15-45)
What is the expressive role?
The emotional support and caring role
Which sociologist is associated with toxic childhood?
Sue Palmer
Which sociologist is associated with the cushioning effect?
Zaretsky
What does the term ‘dark side of the family’ refer to?
Abuse and violence in the family
What is a neo-conventional family?
Dual earning family with traditional roles
What are the 5 types of diversity according to the Rapaports?
Cultural, life course, organisational, generational, social class
Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.
Secularisation, less stigma, women’s financial independence, rising disillusionment with marriage
Who are the two main Functionalist thinkers who discuss the family?
Murdock and Parsons
What are the 4 functions of the family according to Murdock?
Meeting it’s members economic needs, reproduction of the next generation, primary socialisation, stable saris of sex drive
What is the definition of death rate?
Number of deaths per year per thousand of the population
What are three types of Feminism?
Radical, Liberal, Marxist, Difference
What is the postmodernist view of the family?
We create the family that suits our needs at that moment time
What is meant by joint conjugal roles?
Partners share the domestic labour and leisure time
What is the term for when society and families focus on the needs of the children?
Child centred
Define the term family.
A group of people bonded by blood or legal means
What is the divorce rate?
Number of divorces per thousand married couples per year
Who is associated with the negotiated family and individualisation theory?
Beck
What is the general trend in marriages in the past 50 years?
Decline
Identity one inequality between children and adults.
Neglect, abuse, control over time, space, bodies and resources
Give one reason for the change in position of children.
Introduction of compulsory schooling, Child Protection Legislation, children’s rights, declining family size
What is a pure relationship?
A relationship that is held together by choice and love, not tradition or social norms
Give one reason for the rise in the symmetrical family.
Changing role of women, geographical mobility, new technology, higher standards of living
What is age patriarchy?
Adult domination over children
Who believed that childhood isn’t disappearing but changing?
Opie
Which sociologists are associated with the March of Progress view?
Willmott and Young
What is the difference between emigration and immigration?
Emigration is leaving the country, immigration is entering
Who looked into the historical differences in childhood?
Aries
What is the information hierarchy?
The division between adults who can read and children who can’t
Pahland Vogler identified two ways that money is controlled in the family. What are they?
Pooling and allowance system
What is the dependency ratio?
The relationship between the working population and non-working/dependant population
What is meant by fictive kin?
Friends that’s you treat as family
Who suggested that domestic violence is caused by patriarchy and the need for men to assert their power over women?
Dobash and Dobash
What is the duel burden?
Domestic labour and emotional support
Which perspective sees the rising divorce rate as meaning that people have more choice over their lives?
Postmodernism
What is the instrumental role?
The breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family, usually the male
What is meant by a social construct?
Social phenomena that is created and varies from society to society
Give one reason for the decline in birth rate.
Changing role of women, introduction of contraception, decline in infant mortality rate, child centeredness, children as economic liabilities
Give one reason for the rise of lone parent families.
Changing role of women, rise of divorce, single by choice, fertility technology
Who is associated with the cultural explanation for the domestic division of labour?
Gurshuny, Man Yee Kan, Dunne
Who investigated the Tikopia tribe in relation to Children?
Mirth
Give one reason for the decline in death rate.
Improved nutrition, medical improvements, smoking and diet, decline in dangerous manual occupations, better public health measures
What is meant by life expectancy?
How long the average person will live for
What is net migration?
The difference between the number of people leaving a country and the number of people who enter it
Who argued against Postman stating that childhood was not disappearing?
Opie
How does the family support capitalism according to the Marxists?
Inheritance of wealth, passing on of private property, unit of consumption, providing the next generation of workers
Give one impact of an ageing population.
Higher dependency ratio, more extended family, more demand for social services
Who is the main thinker in the New Right?
Charles Murray
What is the sociological CAGE?
Class, age, gender, ethnicity
What did Parsons mean by ‘functional fit’?
Families change structure to fit the needs of society
What is a LAT?
Living apart together
What is a reconstituted family?
Step family. Partners bring children from a previous relationship to a new relationship
What is a extended family?
3 or more generations living in close proximity to each other (includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc)
What does patriarchy mean?
Male domination in society
What type of family was most prominent in pre-industrial society?
Extended family
What type of household counted for 11% of all households in 2011?
Single person
Which sociologist is associated with the neo-conventional family?
Chester
What is an empty nest family?
Where the children have grown up and left home
In what 4 ways do adults control children?
Space, time, resources, bodies
What is an endogamous marriage?
Marriage with the same ethnic group, social class or religion
What is a household?
A group of people who live under the same roof, share bills and resources but are not related by blood of legal means
What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?
Refugee has status in the country whereas an asylum seeker doesn’t yet
Give one reason why families have become more cho centred.
Less children, more resources, laws
Name the four types of marital breakdown.
Divorce, separation, annulment, empty shell
What is serial monogamy?
Sexually exclusive relationships that follow one after the other
What is meant by a sandwich generation?
The generation that is looking after both their own children and their elderly parents at the same time
Name one way that Postman suggest that childhood is disappearing.
Information hierarchy, crime, sexualisation, blurring of responsibilities
What term did Parsons use to explain the process of social institutions changing to fit the needs of society?
Structural differentiation
What do radical feminists men why political lesbianism?
Getting rid of sexual politics by only having sex won’t other women regardless of sexuality
What is confluent love?
A relationship that only lasts as long as it is convenient and meets expectations
How did Aries investigate the historical relativity of childhood?
Though pictures and paintings
What term is used by Parsons to describe the role of the breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family?
Instrumental role
Give two reasons why domestic violence is under reported.
Fear, belief they deserve it, not knowing they are a victim
In which ethnic group are matrifocal single parent families most common?
Afro-Caribbean
What term is used to describe a marriage with more that two parents?
Polyamory
What is an ascribed status?
The status that you are born with
What is the difference between empty nest and empty shell marriage?
Empty nest means children have left home. Empty shell marriage means there’s no more love between the partners but usually stay together for the children
Before the Divorce Reform Act what three reasons could be given by a woman for wanting divorce?
Abuse, abandonment, adultery
What are the three main causes of domestic violence?
Husband’s expectations regarding a woman’s domestic work, possessiveness and sexual jealousy, allocation of family resources (money), crisis of masculinity
