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california flora > families > Flashcards

families Flashcards

1
Q

Cupressaceae

A

The Cypress Family

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2
Q

cypress habit

A

Habit: Shrub, tree, generally evergreen; monoecious or dioecious.

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3
Q

cypress leaf

A
  • simple, cauline
  • alternate or opposite (either +- 4-ranked) or whorled in 3s (6-ranked)
  • linear or scale-, awl- or needle-like (sometimes linear and awl-like on 1 pl, or on juvenile or injured plants),
  • generally decurrent, covering young stems.
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4
Q

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

A

Port Orford Cedar

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5
Q

Calocedrus decurrens

A

the Incense Cedar

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6
Q

Hesperocyparis macrocarpa

A

the Monterey Cypress

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7
Q

Cupressus sempervirens

A

the Italian Cypress

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8
Q

Thuja plicata

A

Western Red Cedar

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9
Q

Calocedrus decurrens

A

the Incense Cedar

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10
Q

cypress major genera

A
  • Juniperus (junipers)
  • Hesperocyparis (cypresses)
  • Thuja (Arbor-vitae, Western Red Cedar)
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11
Q

cypress distribution

A
  • cosmopolitan
  • several genera monotypic
  • endemic
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12
Q

cosmopolitan

A

all over the earth

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13
Q

the Monterey Cypress

A

Hesperocyparis macrocarpa

  • confined to 2 groves near Monterey, California
  • in native setting, is the rarest Cypress in North America
  • widely planted along the coast
  • very pretty and picturesque
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14
Q

Cypress Pollen Cone

A

axillary or terminal

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15
Q

the Italian Cypress

A

Cupressus sempervirens

  • used for sarcophagi (coffin) of Egyptians and statues of Greek Gods
  • infusion used as foot-bath for smelly feet
  • seen throughout campus
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16
Q

the Common Juniper

A

Juniperus communis

  • “berries”
  • used for flavoring of gin (Dutch word “genever” means Juniper)
  • berries eaten with meat, removes the “gamey” taste from venison
17
Q

the Giant Sequoia

A

Sequoiadendron giganteum

  • have largest biomass of any organism (largest living thing on earth)
  • state tree of California
18
Q

the Coast Redwood

A
  • Sequoia sempervirens*
  • tallest tree in the world
  • most common conifer on the UOP campus
  • grow on fog coast
  • state tree of California
19
Q

the Port Orford Cedar

A

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

  • very important timber tree from the Pacific Northwest
  • grow to 200 feet in height
  • highly valued, expensive (single tree can be worth $50,000, Japan highly values bc resembles native hinoki cedar)
  • Native Americans use them to make sweat lodges
  • major use as internal separators in batteries bc wood has good electrical resistance
20
Q

the Dawn Redwood

A

Metasequoia glyptostroboides
(next to sequoia, slender cones)

meta = next to
glypto = slender
stroboides = cone

  • a living fossil (thought to be extinct but found to be alive) found only in a few groves in China
  • 1 on Campus, near the Pacific Technology Customer Support Center
  • UNQIUE: deciduous, lose their leaves in winter which is strange for conifers
21
Q

the Western Red Cedar

A

Thuja plicata

  • weather & insect resistant wood
  • used for shingles and totem poles
  • extreme northwest
22
Q

the Incense Cedar

A

Calocedrus decurrens

  • ornamental tree
  • wood is used to make pencils
  • several on campus, near South-West and Khoury Halls
23
Q

The Japanese Cedar (Sugi)

A

Cryptomeria japonica

  • implicated in the downfall of Shogun Hideyoshi (1536-1598), after he ordered the felling of an especially large, old tree (tree blocked road and he cut it down and die right after)
24
Q

the Pacific Yew

A

Taxus brevifolia

  • in mountains of northern half of California
  • original source of Taxol = a major drug in cancer treatment
    (In 1962, botanists working for the National Cancer Institute collected Taus brevifolia in Washington state)
  • bark has Taxol which is highly toxic to human cells = DEADLY
  • red, fleshy arils surrounding but not fully enclosing the seeds.
  • renowned for its value in making bows (for arrows)
25
Q

the California Nutmeg

A

Torreya californica

  • endemic to California, occurring in the North Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada
  • differs from the Pacific Yew by having much stiffer, sharper, aromatic leaves,
  • AND a green (often with purple streaks) sticky seed aril that completely encloses the seed
  • contains almost no Taxol
  • Indigenous Californians ate the seeds, which taste similar to peanuts
26
Q

yew habit

A
  • shrub or tree, evergreen
  • UNQIUE: dioecious = male tree & female tree
    (not lot a lot of conifers are dioecious)
27
Q

Pinaceae

A

The Pine Family

28
Q

pine habit

A
  • shrub
  • tree
  • evergreen
  • monoecious
29
Q

pine distribution

A

widely distributed, esp through out temperate regions of northern hemisphere

30
Q

pine stem

A
  • young crown conic
  • twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent
31
Q

Major pine genera

A
  • Pinus (pines)
  • Abies (firs) - rmbr rabies w/o r
  • Picea (spruces)

california flora (1 decks)

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