Familiarity Quiz

Question 1

Who was Ze’ev Jabotinsky?

Answer 1

The author of the Iron Wall, a prominent Zionist activist in Russia, Ukraine, Istanbul, and Palestine. Early embracer of the “Jewish state”, and an early right wing zionist

Question 1

What are the fundamental claims of both sides of the conflict?

Answer 1

Eretz Yisra’el belongs to the Jewish people and Palestine belongs to the Palestinian people

Question 2

What was the “primordial soup” of zionism?

Answer 2

A change in Judaism and Jews (secularization and nationalization, as well as Hasidism, which involved the creation of a “heaven on Earth”), the rise of nationalism and a new type of antisemitism, and European expansion (exploration, colonialism and settlement which led to imperial influence and direct control, and well as settlement)

Question 3

What was the 1840-1860 period in zionism?

Answer 3

Protozionism, belve they needed to be more than guests in nations and different writers became prominent. Jews in the Palestine area began to leave the walls of Jerusalem. Petah Tikvah was an establishment near Tel Aviv, and was abandoned after 1 year.

Question 4

What was the 1881 period in zionism?

Answer 4

The Pogroms in Negev. There were riots after the assassination of the Tzar. One Jew was involved in the plot, causing Jews to be targeted. This targeting was not officially sanctioned by the government but a good distraction from their problems. This caused the Jews to flee from Russia.

Question 5

What happened in 1882/1890 in zionism?

Answer 5

The First Aliyah and Hibbat Zion (lovers of Zion). People were buying tracks of land for Jews to take the land and cultivate it (Baron Rothchild and others bought the land). These immigrants were not integrating with the old Jews and had agriculture settlements.

Question 6

What happened in 1894-1906 in zionism?

Answer 6

The Dreyfus Affair. A Jewish officer was framed for spying for the Germans in France, and this became a central issue in French politics. People were saying even if he wasn’t guilty, he should be punished. The antidreyfus groups were very antisemitic. Hertzl witnessed this, as a correspondent from Vienna. He realized the Jews will never belong, and he likes what he is hearing about Palestine, and he sought a charter that said Jews belonged in Palestine.

Question 7

What happened in 1897 for zionism?

Answer 7

Hertzl establishes the First Zionist Organization, the First Zionist Congress. There are representatives from all over the world, who were brought together into one central organization.

Question 8

What happened in 1903 in zionism?

Answer 8

In Moldova, based on blood libel after two Christian children were found dead, the Kishinev Pogrom happens. There was murder and rape of Jews with a wink from authority.

Question 9

What happened in 1904-1914 in zionism?

Answer 9

The Second Aliyah. Trickle of immigration into Palestine until the start of WWI

Question 10

What happened in 1914 in zionism?

Answer 10

The start of WWI. It ends with the death of the Ottoman Empire, and a new Palestine under British control.

Question 11

What was the “primordial soup” of Palestinianess?

Answer 11

This is hard to talk about until 1920, only a sense that they were different from other Arabs. Ottoman state building, the rise of an Ottoman middle class, zionism, and European encroachment

Question 12

How did early zionists view the Ottomans?

Answer 12

Early zionists wanted a Jewish area and to be Ottomans, like a relationship between the federal government and states

Question 13

What began leading to trouble brewing between the zionists and the Arabs in Palestine?

Answer 13

Land purchases by zionists led to sharecropper displacement. The first Aliyah colonists exploit or employ and behave condescendingly towards Arabs. There were violent incidents, including over grazing rights, rivalry over resources, and land disputes. The second Aliyah especially led to labor disputes, who gets to work the moshavot and the emerging zionist economy.

Question 14

What was the Second Aliyah?

Answer 14

A 1904-1914 immigration of about 20,000 Jews to Palestine. Many leaders of the Yishuv, including Ben Gurion, immigrated during this time. This led to labor zionism, which is Jews working the land and excluding Arabs. They had guards for the first time, who looked like Arabs, and only employed Jews. These Labor Zionists did not have a good attitude towards Arabs and were more aggressive towards Arabs.

Question 15

Why were Jewish settlers not employed on a large scale?

Answer 15

The industry relied on profits, and needed cheaper labor, and Arabs could work for less money, because they lived non-nuclearly meaning money was pooled. Much of the market, however, was collectively owned.

Question 16

Why was it so important that the control of Palestine went to the British?

Answer 16

The British endorse a zionist settlement through the Balfour Declaration. A Jewish state under the Ottomans may have been acceptable, but now, Palestine is separate, and pointed toward independence.

Question 17

What promises did the British make during WWI?

Answer 17

Since they wanted to dislodge the Ottomans and solidify relations with their allies, the decided that Palestine would be under British, French, and Russian protection, and promised Hussein land, which may have included Palestine, if he conquered the Ottomans, and a letter was written to Lord Rothschild to promise the zionists Palestine. So three promises for the same place

Question 18

How was the mandate an Iron Cage?

Answer 18

It established a Jewish national home, and civil and religious rights for the Arabs. Officially sanctioned Jewish agency and encouraged Jewish immigration. The Jewish agency was endowed with state like function. So everything for the Jews and the Arabs couldn’t resist

Question 19

What was the 1921 Jaffa riots?

Answer 19

In the north of Palestine, there were mutinies against the French and the Arab King. Against the Jews, by the border of Israel and Syria. There were riots in Jerusalem, and the Mufti incites violence against the Jews, and he was arrested. The Hagamah (Jewish defense) established.

Question 20

What happened during the 1929 riots?

Answer 20

Over the dome of the rock (an important mosque) right next to the wailing wall. Arabs disliked the partition between men and women and singing there. Most of the violent action took place in Hebron, an important site for Abraham. After the 1929 riots, many Jews didn’t want to go back to densely populated Jewish areas.

Question 21

What were the major trends during the mandate?

Answer 21

Increased zionist immigration, development of the Yishuv institutions (JA, Histadrut, Hagganah), increased factionalism within Palestinian national movement, slow British retreat from the commitment to zionism, more intervention from Arab states.

Question 22

When did the Iron Cage begin to break?

Answer 22

By 1930, Britain began to think they backed the wrong horse, and the Palestinians began to ask for parliament, which was creating problems for the Jewish national home.

Question 23

What happened during the 1936-39 Great Arab revolt?

Answer 23

Sparked by immigration, the qassamites (guerrilla group), and economic downturn. Created the Arab higher committee. Riots turned into a six month strike and eventual full blown revolt in the countryside. Major crackdown by the British and the 1937 Peel Commission

Question 24

What was the Peel Commission?

Answer 24

A commission that decided what to do about the problem in Israel and Palestine. They decided on partition, with a small Jewish state, a larger Palestinian state, and a small British mandate zone. The zionists were happy they got land, but didn’t like that it was pretty small. The Palestinians did not like this either, as they didn’t want to share.

Question 25

What were the consequences of the revolt?

Answer 25

Palestinians: 5,000 dead, many executed and imprisioned (10% of all adults). Arab outsiders intervened and mediated between the British and Palestine. Homes demolished, crops burned. Internal strife, disintegration of AHC, Mufti flees. Yishuv: Increased self-reliance (Tel Aviv port replaces Jaffa report). Military experience and alliance with the British.

Question 26

Why was the May 1939 White Paper?

Answer 26

An opening in the Iron Cage. There would be 5-10 years until independence and democratic elections. Limitation on Jewish immigration and land purchases, ensuring the Jews could not become a majority. This was subject to Yishuv approval. The Palestinians could’ve taken this opportunity, but never forwarded candidates. The Mufti is left out, and in Nazi Germany.

Question 27

What happened with the Jews and Palestinians do during the war?

Answer 27

Jews enlist in the allied effort, as well as Arabs on a smaller scale. Illegal jewish immigration to Israel/Palestine. Destruction of European Jewry.

Question 28

What started the road to 1948?

Answer 28

The Jews rebelled and the Americans entered the scene, the British want out. The UN comes in the decide what should be done about Palestine. The Yishuv, led by Ben Gurion are masters of public relations. The AHC boycotts. This leads the committee to partition Palestine very favorably to the Jews

Question 29

When did Israel declare independence?

Answer 29

May 14, 1948

Question 30

Who was involved in the first stage of the 1948 war?

Answer 30

Yishuv vs. Army of the Holy War and Arab Liberation Army

Question 31

What was the first stage of the war of 1948 like?

Answer 31

Until 4/5, the Yishuv is on the defensive. On the knowledge of an impending invasion, the Jews begin the D program (take care of all threats to the Jewish state by Arabs. Ethnic cleansing?)

Question 32

What was the Deir Yassin massacre?

Answer 32

A village on the way to Jerusalem where around 100 civilians were killed. The beginning of moral questions in zionists.

Question 33

Why was the funeral of Abd al-Qadir Husseini important?

Answer 33

So many went to the funeral that it allowed Jews to take more land. It showed the disorganization of Arabs

Question 34

What was the second stage of the 1948 war like?

Answer 34

After Israel declares independence, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iran, Syria declare war on Israel. Egyptian army marches in Israel and is stopped on the coast. Jewish quarter in Jerusalem. July: 10 day battles, and Israel expands its territorial gains, Ramle, Lod, Galilee. During a second ceasefire, the IDF is created and partisan organizations are dissolved by Ben Gurion.

Question 35

Why did the Israeli’s win?

Answer 35

While they say because of God, it was because their backs were against the wall, they were outnumbered, but the Yishuv was centralized and could move armies around, Palestinians relied on local armies, Soviets through the Czechs provided weapons en masse, were Jordan and Israel enemies and did Egypt really want ti totally destroy Israel?

Question 36

What was the aftermath of the 1948 war?

Answer 36

Israel is created over 78% of Mandate Palestine. Massive influx of Jews from Arab countries. 700,000 Palestinian refugees. Jordan annexes the West Bank. Gaza Strip under Egyptian military occupation.