Familiarity and Recollection

Question 1

Yonelinas (2002)

Answer 1

Dual Process Theory
Familiarity is continuous, automatic and a matter of confidence
Recollection is a threshold process that takes longer thn familiarity
Recollection and familiarity are distinct processes

Question 2

Addante et al (2012)

Answer 2

Familiarity is associated with a negative/early ERP peak (FN400) between 400-600ms after the stimulus onset
Recollection is associated with the late positive complex - a positive ERP peak between 600-900ms after the stimulus onset
HOWEVER FN400 may represent implicit as opposed to explicit memory mechanisms

Question 3

Curran (2000)

Answer 3

Recollection and familiarity have different electrophysiological correlates

Question 4

Macken (2002)

Answer 4

Local environment context - Objects should remain familiar even if the context in which the item was presented at encoding is different to the context in which the item is presented during recognition
Used a yes/no recallection task
Found that context effects were found for those that recalled but context effects were not found for those that only found the item familiar

Question 5

Diana et al (2007)

Answer 5

Conducted a meta analysis and proposed the Binding Item and Context Model (BIC)
Perirhinal Cortex appeared to activate more during familiarity responses to specific items
The parahippocampal cortex activated when associated with retrieval of context during recollection
Hippocampus activation mostly occured during recollection responses as well - information from the parahippocampal and perirhinal cortecies most likely transfer infromation into the hippocampus throught the entorhinal cortex where the information is bound to form a single episodic memory

Question 6

Hunsaker et al (2013)

Answer 6

Excitotoxic lesions made to teh lateral entorhinal cortex disrupts item novelty detection (familiarity) whereas lesions to the medial entorhinal cortex disrupts contextual novelty detection (recollection)
Suggests that either information from the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortecies either enter the entorhinal cortex in different pathways or begin to become bound in the entorhinal cortex (Relating to the BIC model)

Question 7

De Vanssay-Maigne et al (2011)

Answer 7

Bilateral perirhinal cortex activation was associated with individuals reporting that they found a word familiar
Support for BIC

Question 8

Ritchey et al (2018)

Answer 8

Response to BIC criticism that it only looks at the MTL
Emotional recognition is supported by the amygdala-perirhinal pathway
Lower amygdala activation leads to memory dependance on the perirhinal cortex to recall item information (familiarity)
Higher amygdala activation amplifies the hippocampal activation in relation to recollecting source memory (recollection)

Question 9

Tulving (1985)

Answer 9

Remember/Know procedure

Question 10

Migo et al (2012)

Answer 10

Getting healthy patients to understand the R/K procedure is hard
Researchers and participants must be fully trained on the R/K procedure and experimental materials must be double checked in order to reduce the likely hood of participants responding ‘remember’ to high levels of confidence (familiairty)
Experimental instructions for the R/K procedure must be stated in the method
Provides important contributions to our understanding of recognition memory

Question 11

Baddeley, Vargha-Kbadem and Mishkin (2001)

Answer 11

Hard to teach the instructions of the R/K procedure to individuals with selective impairments

Question 12

Dunn (2004)

Answer 12

The variations in the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the experimental instructions for the R/K procedure are so broad that it is impossible to conduct a meta-analysis on findings from the R/K procedure

Question 13

Kirwan and Stark (2004)

Answer 13

Name and face pairs for associative recogntion
Recollection is assumed is the participants identified that the face and the name were presented at encoding but not as a pair
Increased perirhinal activation was found when a name and face pair was identified as intact
Supports unitisation

Question 14

Davachi et al (2002)

Answer 14

Source memory
Participants asked to read a target word backwards or to form a mental image of it
There was increased hippocampal activation when people were recalling the task that they completed on the word
Supports BIC

Question 15

Daselaar et al (2006)

Answer 15

Confidence ratings
Hippocampal activation spiked when participants wer confident that the word was seen at encoding
Supports recollection being a threshold process