Falls Flashcards
1
Q
give 7 morbidities associated with falls
A
hypothermia Dehydration Pressure sores Rnhabdomylosis Venous thromboembolism Bronchopneumonia Muscular de-conditioning
2
Q
classification of falls
give the 5 categories to classify falls?
A
intrinsic/extrinsic (environmental) Explained/unexplained injurious/non-injurious Accidental/non-accidental syncopal/non-syncopal
3
Q
what are intrinsic risk factors? give examples
A
factors relating directly to the patient Cardiovascular (Dizziness, hypotension) Central processing (Depression, cog impairment) MSK (joint pain, sarcopenia) Neuro (parkinsonism, stroke) Vision Other (low BMI, female)
4
Q
Definition of postural hypotension?
A
fall in SBP >20 mmHg OR
Fall in DBP >10 mmHg after 3 mins standing
5
Q
What are the extrinsic risk factors? (7)
A
Medication Alcohol Environmental obstacles Poor lighting Inappropriate clothing/footwear Inappropriate walking aids
6
Q
what Q’s asked to screen for falls? (3)
A
Have you had 2 or more falls in last 12 months?
Have you presented acutely with a fall?
Do you have problems with walking or balance?
7
Q
Key neurological disorders in falls? (6)
A
Cervical myelopathy Cerebella ataxia Peripheral neuropathy Parkinson's disease Lumbar stenosis Dementia
8
Q
What drugs commonly increase falls risk?
A
Benzos Neuroleptics Antihypertensives Antidepressants Anticholinergics Class 1A antiarrthymics
9
Q
what assessment tools might be used?
A
Timed up and go test
Berg Balance test
Tinoetti Score
10
Q
falls management
- give 8 non-pharmacological interventions
- asses for what?
A
Strength and balance training Home environmental modifications Footwear and foot care Vision optimization Medication review Management of postural hypotension Fracture risk assessment, osteoporosis treatment Patient education and treatment
-risk of fracture- FRAX
