Fallecies

Question 1

Straw man

Answer 1

When a person ignores one actual position and present an exaggerated one

ex: ‘duh’
Oversimplification of opponent’s position to make it seem east to defeat

Question 2

Argument from Authority

Answer 2

Conclude something is true because a presumed expert or witness has said that it is
ex: citing Albert Einstein for a determination on a religion even tho Albert is physics or scientist for determination on politics

Question 3

Ad populum

Answer 3

Bandwagon

ex: ‘if man believe so,it is so’

Question 4

Ad Ignorantum

“Appeal to Ignorance”

Answer 4

When you argue that something is true because it has not been proven false.
Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
ex: ‘the fed gov doesn’t understand what we need’ ‘the “you don’t know” argument. (Thus taking advantage of ignorance)

Question 5

False dichotomy

Answer 5

Assume binomial. Assume only two options or outcomes when really there may be more.
ex: you either value water or you don’t
Black and white
Oversimplification of argument itself to two extreme options

Question 6

Red herring

Answer 6

Ignore question asked with a distraction. Change subject usually.

ex: when politician starts an answer with “the real question is…” with something they prepared

Question 7

Hasty Generalization

Answer 7

Drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence
ex: stereotypes, jump to conclusions
Friend eats lot of pizza and French fries and is healthy, thus pizza and French fries is a health diet

Question 8

Slippery slope

Answer 8

Assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented

ex: allow to turn in late? Then why use deadlines even?

Cheat on diet with one cookie? Next thing you know it you’ll be eating 10 and gaining all your pounds back!

Question 9

Appeal to hypocrisy

Answer 9

Discrediting someone by calling them a hypocrite even when what they are saying is a valid point (you can be a hypocrite and still be right)

ex: ‘but you use coal/gold/oil all the time!’

Question 10

Begging the question

Answer 10

Circular reasoning. If a then b; claim if b then a.

X occurred when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.
Assume true instead of support

Question 11

Ad Hominem

Answer 11

Attacking the person rather than the argument

ex: ‘where is your liberal outrage!?’
‘You racist!’