Fallacys Flashcards
What is the argument
The process of reason inquiry and rational discourse seeking common ground.
What is a claim
An assertion that puts forward a proposition that states the arguments main idea.
Claim of fact
Asserts something that is not true
Claims of value
Argues something is good or bad, right or wrong…
Claim of policy
Anytime you propose a change
Personal experience
Effective way to speak pathos
Anecdotes
Stories about other people that you’ve either observed, been told about, or researched
Current events
Staying in the loop about what’s going on around the world
Historical information
Verifiable facts that people know from research
Expert opinion
Foundation of all knowledge
Quantitative
Includes things that can be represented in numbers (polls, statistics)
Red herrings
Occurs when a speaker skips to a new irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion
Ad Hominem
Switching the argument from the issue to the character of the other speaking
Faulty analogy
Focusing on irrelevant inconsequential similarities between two things
Straw man
Occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberating poor example in order to ridicule and refute a viewpoint
Either or
The speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choice
Hasty generalization
Meaning that there is not enough evidence to support a particular conclusion
Circular reasoning
Involved repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence
Post hoc
Incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier
Appeal to false Authority
Occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue
Appeal
Occurs when evidence boils down to everyone is doing it so I can too or it must be good.
Scare tactics
Frightens you to believing something
