fallaciesa Flashcards
a fallacy in simplest terms is
an incorrect use of logic
ad populum is basically
bandwagon
Misericordiam
argument appealing to pity
Red Herring
attempts to [distract] by shifting attention [away] important issue.
Non-Sequitur
This fallacy draws conclusions [from premises ] that do not [necessarily apply .
False Dichotomy
The either/ or fallacy that makes the assumption that [there are only two alternatives].
Straw Person arguments [excessively simplify]
an opponent’s [view point] to argue against it more easily.
Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning)
occurs when a writer assumes that [a statement] is in fact true; such an argument [_].
Sentimental Appeals
at an audience’s [view] to the point of [subject], perhaps to keep the audience from [losing interest].
Equivocation (splitting hairs):
a statement that is [true] but that [bends] the entire truth.
A Hasty Generalization
draws conclusions from [unrelated generalizations].
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
Ad Ignorantiam
An appeal to ignorance: an argument that claims something is [ignorant] because there is [ignorantiam ].
Reductio Ad Absurdum
Reduction to the absurd: a disproof by showing that [evidence] of the proposition [idea]; or proof of a proposition by showing [evidence] leads to [conclusion].
Argumentum ad Hominem
Argument against the person: arguments attack a person’s [character] rather than [reasoning through] the issues.
Slippery Slope
when someone makes a claim about a series of events that would lead to one major event, usually a bad event.
Appeal to Emotion
(argumentum ad passiones) a logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient’s emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence.
Guilt by Association
occurs when someone connects an opponent to a demonized group of people or to a bad person in order to discredit his or her argument.
Appeal to Nature
because something is ‘natural’ it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal.
False Causation
occurs when the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably does not exist.
Appeal to Authority
(argumentum ad verecundiam) Insisting that a claim is true simply because a valid authority or expert on the issue said it was true, without any other supporting evidence offered.
