Fallacies pt.2

Question 1

Post Hoc

Answer 1

fallacy in which an event is presumed to have been caused by another event that came before it.
X occurred, then Y occurred, therefore X caused Y

Question 2

Slippery Slope Fallacy

Answer 2

a type of false cause fallacy in which change in a particular direction is assumed to lead inevitably to further, disastrous, change in the same direction.

Question 3

Hasty Generalization

Answer 3

A fallacy in which one moves carelessly from observation of some aspect of individual members of a group to a generalized conclusion about all such members of a group.

Question 4

Fallacy of Equivocation

Answer 4

Equivocation is a fallacy made possible by one word having two or more meanings and the meaning is switched (intentionally or not) within an argument.

Question 5

Amphiboly

Answer 5

A condition where there is no switching of meaning in a word, but ambiguity arises from the grammatical structure of the sentence (or paragraph), so that it can be interpreted in more than one way

Question 6

composition

Answer 6

Composition occurs when you assume that because some characteristic is true of each part of a whole (or member of a group) taken separately, it must also be true for the whole (or the group)

Question 7

fallacy of division

Answer 7

The companion to composition, but goes in the reverse. It starts with the formation about the whole and assume that individuals or parts of the whole must have the same characteristic(s) as the group or whole.

Question 8

False Alternative (or False Dilemma)

Answer 8

This fallacy is committed when a limited choice is given when in fact other choices or possibilities exist. To discount a false alternative identify the options given and show (with an example) that there is an additional option.
ex: you’re either for America or you’re against it