Fallacies of defective induction

Question 1

The argument from ignorance

Answer 1

• is one argues that something is true because it has not been proved false, or false because it has not been proved true.

Question 2

The appeal to inappropriate authority

Answer 2

• when one argues that a proposition is true because an expert in a given field has said that it is true.

Question 3

False cause

Answer 3

A fallacy in which something that is not really the cause of something else is treated as its cause.

Question 4

Post hoc ergo propter hoc (false cause)

Answer 4

A fallacy in which an event is presumed to have been caused by a closely preceding event. Literally, “After this; therefore, because of this.”

Question 5

Slippery slope (false cause)

Answer 5

A fallacy in which change in a particular direction is asserted to lead inevitably to further changes (usually undesirable) in the same direction.

Question 6

Hasty generalization

Answer 6

is the fallacy we commit when we draw conclusions about all the persons or things in a given class on the basis of our knowledge about only one (or only a very few) of the members of that class.

Question 7

Fallacies of presumption

Answer 7

Arguments that depend on such unwarranted leaps.

Question 8

Fallacy of Accident

Answer 8

A fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply.

Question 9

Complex Question

Answer 9

The speaker may pose some question, then answer it or strongly suggest the answer with the truth of the premise that had been buried in the question simply assumed.

Question 10

Begging the Question

Answer 10

The mistake of assuming the truth of what one seeks to prove.
-an informal fallacy in which the conclusion of an argument is stated or assumed in any one of the premises.