Fallacies Flashcards
What are the main groups of informal fallacies?
- Fallacies of Relevance
- Fallacies of weak Induction
- Fallacies of Presumption
What are the fallacies of relevance?
- Appeal to Force
- Appeal to Pity
- Appeal to the People
- Argument against the Person
- Accident
- Straw Man
- Missing the Point
- Red Herring
What are the Fallacies of weak Induction?
- Appeal to unqualified authority
- Appeal to Ignorance
- Hasty Generalization
- False Cause
- Slippery Slope
- Weak Analogy
What are the Fallacies of Presumption?
- Begging the Question
- Complex Question
- False Dichotomy
- Suppressed Evidence
- Equivocation
- Amphiboly
- Composition
- Division
Explain appeal to force
threat of some form of violence if conclusion is not accepted
What are the two subtypes of appeal to the people?
- Appeal to Vanity
- Appeal to Snobbery
Explain appeal to vanity
“You will be admired if you accept the conclusion”
Explain appeal to snobbery
“Those who accept the conclusion are better people”
Explain the accident
When a general rule is wrongly applied to a certain case
Explain Straw Man
When the arguer changes the opponent’s argument in some way to make it more easily attackable
Explain missing the point
When the premise supports one conclusion, but a different one is drawn (-> missing the point of the premise)
When is something a fallacy of weak induction?
When the connection between premises and conclusions is not strong enough
Explain appeal to ignorance
Making a judgement about something that cannot be proven or disproven (God exists)
The hasty generalization is the converse of which other fallacy?
Accident
Explain begging the question
When inadequate premises are used to support the conclusion
