Fallacies

Question 1

What is a preconceived idea?

Answer 1

Societal assumptions that have a decisive influence on our thinking. They are obstacles to clear thinking.

Question 2

What is a fallacy?

Answer 2

Is a deceptive argument that attempts to persuade us. They contain flaws in reasoning

Question 3

Name the distraction fallacies

Answer 3

Slipper slope   
Straw man         
Complex questions
Begging the question 
Faulty analogy 
Equivocation

Question 4

Name the emotional fallacies

Answer 4

Ad hominem argument 
False appeal to authority 
Appeal to force 
Appeal to masses 
False dilemma 
Hasty generalisation

Question 5

Name the structural fallacies

Answer 5

Affirming the consequent

Denying the antecedent

Question 6

Latin for begging the question

Answer 6

Petition principii

Question 7

Latin for ad hominem argument

Answer 7

Argumentum ad hominem

Question 8

Latin for false appeal to authority

Answer 8

Argumentum ad vericundiam

Question 9

Latin for appeal to force aka coercion

Answer 9

Argumentum ad baculum

Question 10

Latin for appeal to masses

Answer 10

Argumentum ad populum

Question 11

Another word for false dilemma

Answer 11

Excluded middle

Question 12

What is slippery slope

Answer 12

Chain reasoning (if so then something else)

Question 13

What is straw man

Answer 13

Making yourself appear strong by ridiculing the oppositions argument

Question 14

Define begging the question

Answer 14

Circular reasoning. Argued assumes the truth of what he wants to hear.

Question 15

What is equivocation

Answer 15

Play on words. Use of the same word in different contexts

Question 16

What is a complex question?

Answer 16

A question where where two or more questions are combined. Demanding a yes or no answer

Question 17

What is a faulty analogy

Answer 17

Comparison between different things that has no similarities

Question 18

Define ad hominem arguments

Answer 18

Making a personal attack or the argues character to discredit what is being said

Question 19

Define false appeal to authority

Answer 19

Citing and authorities or famous person who is not an expert in the field of discussion

Question 20

Appeal to forces

Answer 20

Using coercion to force people to accept your answers. Eg threats

Question 21

What is appeal to the masses

Answer 21

Popular feelings in the subject

Question 22

False dilemma

Answer 22

The presentation of and either or choice . Not noting the other alternatives

Question 23

What is hasty generalisation?

Answer 23

A generalisation is drawn with lack of evidence

Question 24

Affirming the consequent

Answer 24

If P then Q

P=Q

Question 25

Denying the antecedent

Answer 25

If P then Q

Not Q= Not P

Question 26

Define the term argument

Answer 26

A collection of statements. To convince you the the conclusion is true and acceptable

Question 27

What is a statement

Answer 27

An assertion that is either true or false.

Question 28

What is a premise

Answer 28

A statement in an argument that leads to or serves as a reason for accepting the conclusion

Question 29

What is a conclusion

Answer 29

A statement that the premises are intended to support. Also called the point

Question 30

What is a simple argument?

Answer 30

Argument that has 1 conclusion

Question 31

What is the principal of charitable interpretation

Answer 31

It entails that when more than 1 interpretation of an argument is possible. The argument should be interpreted so that the premise supports the conclusion strongly