Fallacies

Question 1

A defective argument that occurs frequently

Answer 1

Fallacy

Question 2

Drawing a conclusion about a whole group based on an inadequate sample of the group

Answer 2

Hasty Generalization

Question 3

Argument in which the things being compared are not sufficiently similar in relevant ways

Answer 3

Faulty Analogy

Question 4

The mistake of arguing that there is a significant causal connection when there is not

Answer 4

False Cause

Question 5

Mistake of supporting a conclusion by invoking alleged authorities who in fact have no expertise relevant to the claim that’s being made

Answer 5

Appeal to Unqualified Authority

Question 6

Arguing that because a line or distinction cannot be drawn at any point in a process, there are no differences or gradations in that process

Answer 6

Decision-point

Question 7

Arguing that taking a particular step will inevitably lead to a further, undesirable step or steps

Answer 7

Slippery slope

Question 8

Presupposing that a case falls under a general rule when the case counts as an exception

Answer 8

Accident

Question 9

Incorrectly asserting that only two alternatives exist

Answer 9

False Dilemma

Question 10

A question phrased in such a way that it presupposes something that has not been supported

Answer 10

Complex question

Question 11

Attempts to establish the conclusion by using that conclusion as a premise

Answer 11

Begging the question

Question 12

Hasty generalization
Weak analogy
False cause
Appeal to unqualified authority

Answer 12

Unacceptable premises (general)

Question 13

The use of emotions as premises in an argument

Answer 13

Appeal to emotion

Question 14

Rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself

Answer 14

Appeal to the person

Question 15

Arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it

Answer 15

Appeal to popularity

Question 16

Arguing that a claim must be true or good just because it’s part of a tradition

Answer 16

Appeal to tradition

Question 17

Arguing that a claim is true or false solely because of its origin, where it came from, source

Answer 17

Genetic fallacy

Question 18

The deliberate raising of an irrelevant issue during an argument

Answer 18

Red herring

Question 19

Arguing that you are doing something justifiable because someone else has done the same thing

Answer 19

Two wrongs make a right

Question 20

Arguing that a lack of evidence proves something

Answer 20

Appeal to ignorance

Question 21

Begging the Question
Complex Question
False Dilemma
Accident
Slippery slope
Decision-point

Answer 21

Unacceptable premises (presumption)

Question 22

The use of a word in two different senses in an argument

Answer 22

Equivocation

Question 23

Arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole

Answer 23

composition

Question 24

Arguing that what is true of the whole must be true of the parts or that what is true of a group is true of individuals in the group

Answer 24

divison

Question 25

The distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying of someone’s position so it can be more easily attacked or refuted

Answer 25

straw man

Question 26

``` Appeal to Emotion Appeal to the Person Appeal to Popularity Appeal to Tradition Genetic Fallacy Red Herring Two Wrongs Make a Right Appeal to Ignorance ```

Answer 26

irrelevant premises (general)

Question 27

Equivocation Composition Division Straw Man

Answer 27

irrelevant premises (unclear language)