Fallacies

Question 1

sob story

Answer 1

use emotion to distract the audience from the facts and to manipulate the audience into drawing unjustified conclusions

Question 2

oversimplification

Answer 2

easy answer to complicated question

Question 3

red herrings

Answer 3

misleading or unrelated evidence to support a conclusion

Question 4

scare tactics

Answer 4

frightening people to agree with through threats of what will happen if you don’t

Question 5

band wagon/ ad populum

Answer 5

encourage an audience to agree with the writer because everyone elce is doing it

Question 6

slippery slope

Answer 6

one thing will lead to another with disastrous results

Question 7

either/ or

Answer 7

reduce complicated issue to one with only two possible courses

Question 8

false need

Answer 8

arguents creating an unecessary desire for things

Question 9

false athourity

Answer 9

asking audience to agree with the assertion of a writer based simply on his or her character or the authority of another person who may not be fully qualified to offer that assertion

Question 10

failing to accept the burden of proof

Answer 10

the assertion of a claim without presenting a reasoned argument to support it

Question 11

using authority instead of evidence/ overreliance of authority

Answer 11

personal athority as proof

Question 12

guilt by association

Answer 12

calls someones charicter in to question by exammining the character of that persons associates

Question 13

dogmatism

Answer 13

shuts down argument by saying writers beliefes are the only acceptable ones

Question 14

moral equivalence

Answer 14

compares minor problems with much more serious crimes, or vice versa

Question 15

ad hominem

Answer 15

argument attack a persons character rather than his reasoning

Question 16

straw man

Answer 16

arguments set up and often dismantle easily refutable arguments in order to misrepresent an opponents argument in order to defeat them

Question 17

faulty causality, post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

Answer 17

arguments confuse chronology with causation

Question 18

non sequitur

Answer 18

statement that doesnt logically relate to what comes before it

Question 19

equivication

Answer 19

half truth statement that is partially correct but purposely obscures entire truth

Question 20

begging the question/ circular reasoning

Answer 20

occurs when a writer simply restates the claim in a different way

Question 21

faulty analigy

Answer 21

inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between two things

Question 22

stacked evidence/ slanting

Answer 22

represents only one side of the issue