Fallacies

Question 1

Begging the Question

Answer 1

Assuming in the premise what the arguer should be proving

Question 2

Argument from Analogy

Answer 2

An argument based off of an analogy

Question 3

Personal Attack

Answer 3

Diverting attention from the facts of the argument by attacking the motivation or character of the person making the argument.

Question 4

Hasty or Sweeping Generaization

Answer 4

Jumping to a conclusion with too little of evidence

Question 5

False Dilemma

Answer 5

When the meaning of a key term changes during the argument.

Question 6

Red Herring

Answer 6

When the focus of an argument is shifted to divert the audience from the actual issue

Question 7

You Also (Tu Quoque)

Answer 7

Saying that the opponent’s argument has no value because the opponent doesn’t follow what they advocate

Question 8

Appeal to Doubtful Authority

Answer 8

Strengthening an argument with references to experts or famous people.

Question 9

Misleading Statistics

Answer 9

Misrepresented or misinterpreted statistics to influence the audience

Question 10

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc (After this, therefore because of this)
or
Post Hoc Reasoning

Answer 10

Assuming that two events occurring close together in time are related/ 1st caused 2nd

Question 11

Non Sequitur (It Does Not Follow)

Answer 11

When a statement doesn’t logically follow the previous statement.

Question 12

Argumentation

Answer 12

Appeal to reason/logic, says that an idea is valid

Question 13

Persuasion

Answer 13

Trying to move an audience to action, idea is valid and you should believe it/ do something about it too.

Question 14

Straw Man Technique

Answer 14

Distorting an opponent’s argument to make it seem weaker than it actually is

Question 15

Rogerian Argument

Answer 15

Emphasizing points of agreement to find common ground.

Question 16

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 16

Using observations to get a general conclusion (think science)
Think of a question, find evidence, make a conclusion.

Question 17

Syllogism

Answer 17

Basic form of a deductive argument. Contains a major & minor premise and a conclusion

Question 18

Major Premise

Answer 18

General Statement

Question 19

Minor Premise

Answer 19

Related to the major premise, but more specific

Question 20

Conclusion

Answer 20

A draw from the 2 premises

Question 21

Toulmin Logic

Answer 21

Describing how the argumentative strategies a writer uses lead to certain responses out of the audience.
Claim- thesis
Grounds- evidence
Warrant- inference that connects the claim to the grounds

Question 22

Fallacies

Answer 22

Statements that seem reasonable or true, but are actually illogical and dishonest.