Fallacies

Question 1

Two wrongs don’t make a right

Answer 1

Justifying a wrong action because someone did something else that was wrong

Question 2

Ad hominem

Answer 2

Against the man

Question 3

Straw man

Answer 3

A misrepresentation of the opposing side

Question 4

Conflation

Answer 4

Using two words as if they are interchangeable

Question 5

Post hoc

Answer 5

Claiming that a caused b simply because a happened first

Question 6

Confusing necessary and sufficient conditions

Answer 6

Assuming that because something is necessary, it is also sufficient…

Question 7

Confusing cause and effect

Answer 7

eg. assuming that the reason someone always has flu is because they often visit the doctor…

Question 8

Generalisation

Answer 8

Hasty - one person to a whole group

Sweeping - whole group to one person

Question 9

Unrelated conclusion

Answer 9

Conclusion doesn’t follow

Question 10

Hypothetical reasoning

Answer 10

Is the condition plausible; does the circumstance follow from the condition; is it related to the conclusion?

Question 11

Analogy

Answer 11

How closely are the two subjects related?

Question 12

Drawing conclusions

Answer 12

Does the conclusion rely on an unstated reason? Does the conclusion ignore one of the reasons? Does it follow?

Question 13

Assessing appeals

Answer 13

Emotion - is it appropriate? Is it rel

Question 14

Begging the question

Answer 14

Assumes the conclusion is true

Question 15

Circular

Answer 15

Conclusion restates a premise

Question 16

Slippery slope

Answer 16

Assumes that one thing will lead to extreme consequences

Question 17

False dichotomy

Answer 17

Restricts the options

Question 18

Tu quoque

Answer 18

Justifying a wrong action because someone else did the same thing