Fallacies Flashcards
Fallacy
False or mistaken idea
Post Hoc
Mistaking sequence for cause
Just because one event happens before the other doesn’t mean the first event caused the second
Coincidence/superstitions
Rock keeps tiger away
Hasty Generalization
Claims based on insufficient evidence and data
Small number in polls
False conclusion
Eggs in nest means bird
False Analogy
Comparing apples to oranges
Learning different ways
Stealing bread same as stealing cigarettes
Either or Reasoning
An argument is black or white and ignores the grey areas
Either with or against
Taxes or children
Ad Hominem
Attacking the speaker instead of addressing the issue
Blaming victim
Not compitenet because of grey hair
Appeal to False Authority
The fact a famous person supports it
Ethos
Charles Darwin actor says its ok
Bandwagon Appeal
Everyone does it
Normilization of devience
Reviews on amazon
Herd mentality
Change to be popular
Non Sequitor
No evidence to support the major premise
Syllogisms
Generalization
False evidence
Circular Reasoning
The claim and reasoning are the same
I’m just the boss
Because
Is what it is
Red Herring
Creating another problem or distraction instead of addressing the current issue
Blaming someone or something else
Ignorance
Slippery Slope
If something is not stopped the consequences will continue to snowball and get worse
All hell breaks loose
Pen theory
Difference Between Post Hoc and Non Sequitor
Infers a casual connection where none exists, cause and effect
Infers a conclsion that lacks a logical connection the the premise, logical connection
Syllogism
Three part process for making logial conclusions
Three Parts of Syllogisms
Major premise
Minor premis
Conclusion
Major Premise
General statement believed to be true
Minor Premise
Presents specific example of the belief stated in the major premise
Conclusion
Logically drawn inference based on the premises
Syllogism is Valid When
Its conclusion follow the premises
Syllogism is True When
It makes accurate claims
Information is consistent with the facts
Syllogism is Sound When
Valid and true
True Syllogism
True because both premises are true and a logically drawn inference is made
