fallacies Flashcards
circular reasoning
restating an opinion in a different way or in different words
fallacy
an error in reasoning an argument
generalization
to treat a subject without going into detail/specifics
oversimplification
to make something seem easier than it appears
hasty generalization
a statement that jumps to a conclusion before it is proven to be true (she ate strawberry ice cream today. and ate it yesterday. therefore she only eats strawberry flavored ice cream)
stereotyping
mistake of labelling all members of a group with the same qualities without acknowledging other differences (all taxi drivers like to talk to the passengers)
either/or fallacy
presents only two options to a situation and ignores others (either get a cheap stereo for $50, or $2000 for an excellent model)
mistaken casual relationship
mistakes the reason why something happened (because the band was at the game today, the pacers won.)
bandwagon
mistake of thinking that because everyone else believes something you should believe it as well (85% of the class thinks candy is the best class president. therefore you should vote for candy)
unclear definitions
using words or phrases without clearly explaining their meaning (usually when two words mean one of their definitions)
name calling
self-explanatory…
guilt by association
makes people feel guilty after they have been associated with someone already considered guilty (drew must cheat on his exams. all his best friends do.)
straw man
ignoring the subject by answering a different question that is easier to handle
you too
ignoring someones complaint about you by making your own complaint against the person (he says ive broken the rules, but he has broken the rules three times!)
slanting
the presentation of only one side of an issue (supporting facts only to their side)
slanting with loud facts
the facts the person mentions (ones on their side)s
slanting with silent facts
the facts the person does not mention (the ones on the opposing side)
