fallacies Flashcards
arguement
a statement or set of statements intended to persuade others
personal experience evidence
testimony that something is true, false, related, or unrelated based on isolated examples of someone’s personal experience.
anecdotes
other people that you’ve either observed or been told about
current events
storing info about what is happening locally nationally and globally to use as evidence
historical information
verifiable facts that a writer knows from research
expert opinion
judgments provided by individuals who have extensive knowledge, experience, or expertise in a particular field
quantitative evidence
can be represented in numbers: statistics, surveys, polls, census information
claim of fact
asserts that something is true or not
claim of policy
proposes a change
claim of value
argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable
red herring
a deliberate diversion of attention with the intention of trying to abandon the original argument
ad hominem
you irrelevantly attack the person or some aspect of the person who is making the argument
faulty analogy
the assumption that if two things are alike in one way, they are alike in other ways
straw man
their opponent’s argument by oversimplifying or exaggerating it
either/or
occurs when someone claims there are only two possible options
hasty generalization
quick decision with no real evidence
circular reasoning
an argument that assumes the very thing it is trying to prove is true. It repeats the conclusion
post hoc
one does not cause the other
appeal to false authority
occurs when someone cites an unqualified or false authority figure as evidence
bandwagon appeal
getting people to do or think something because “everyone else is doing it”
claim
