fallacies

Question 1

an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one

Answer 1

argument

Question 2

the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way

Answer 2

reasoning

Question 3

reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity

Answer 3

logic

Question 4

a cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event

Answer 4

reason

Question 5

three essential parts of any argument and the claim; data; and the warrant

Answer 5

toulmin logic

Question 6

Author identifies the goals and issues of different sides of a topic

Answer 6

rogerian argument

Question 7

a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

Answer 7

deductive reasoning

Question 8

logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a logical conclusion

Answer 8

syllogism

Question 9

a statement or assertion that expresses a judgement or opinion

Answer 9

proposition

Question 10

a previous statement or proposition form which another is inferred or follow as a conclusion

Answer 10

premise

Question 11

an assumption or argument meant to be taken as fact

Answer 11

major premise

Question 12

assumption/ argument that serves to substantiate the major premise

Answer 12

minor premise

Question 13

drawn from both the major and minor premise

Answer 13

conclusion

Question 14

finding the path that leads to a known solution

Answer 14

inductive reasoning

Question 15

use specific observation as a basis for a general conclusion

Answer 15

inductive leap

Question 16

deciding something without having all the facts; to reach unwarranted conclusions

Answer 16

jumping to a conclusion

Question 17

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point further investigation

Answer 17

hypothesis

Question 18

“x” is true because I say so

Answer 18

claim

Question 19

a justification or authorization found in text

Answer 19

warrant

Question 20

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Answer 20

inference

Question 21

support

Answer 21

backing

Question 22

vulnerabilities in an argument caused by faulty reasoning or incorrect use of evidence

Answer 22

logical fallacies

Question 23

assuming as true the very claim that is disputed, a form of circular argument that goes no where

Answer 23

begging the question

Question 24

inaccurate or inconsequential comparisons between objects or concepts

Answer 24

Argument from analogy

Question 25

"to the man" arguments attack the character of a person rather than the claim, switches the argument from the issue to the person arguing against

Answer 25

personal attack

Question 26

take a general idea or rule and apply it too widely, without allowing any exceptions to it.i

Answer 26

hasty or sweeping generalization

Question 27

reduce a complicated issue to excessively simple terms or attempt to obscure legitimate alternatives

Answer 27

false dilemma

Question 28

half truths or arguments that gives lies an harvest appearance, usually based on trick language

Answer 28

equivocation

Question 29

changes the subject abruptly or introduces irrelevant claim or fact to throw readers off the trail, used to undermine someone else's

Answer 29

red hearing

Question 30

supposed that the opposing speaker is hypocritical

Answer 30

you also

Question 31

writer/author offers themselves or other authorities as a sufficient warrant for believing a claim

Answer 31

appeal to doubtful authority

Question 32

when numeral data is used in a way that distorts or misrepresents the true meaning or significance of the numbers

Answer 32

misleading statistics

Question 33

faulty assumption that because one event/ action follows another, the first causes the second

Answer 33

false cause

Question 34

Argument whoser claims, reasons, or warrants don't connect logically

Answer 34

non sequitur

Question 35

urge people to take the same path as everyone else, push people to take easier path rather than think independently

Answer 35

bandwagon/ Ad populum

Question 36

attack arguments that non one is really or portray opponents positions as more extreme or far less coherent than they actually are

Answer 36

straw man

Question 37

portrays todays tiny misstep as tomorrow's slide into disaster, exaggeration of the likely consequences of an action to frighten audience

Answer 37

slippery slope

Question 38

credibility

Answer 38

ethos

Question 39

appeal to emotion

Answer 39

pathos

Question 40

appeal to the audiences sense of reason or logic

Answer 40

logos

Question 41

having a sound basis in logic or fact; reasonable

Answer 41

valid

Question 42

the ability to think logically and critically

Answer 42

sound

Question 43

a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury

Answer 43

invalid

Question 44

not valid or true

Answer 44

unsound

Question 45

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument

Answer 45

counter argument

Question 46

the action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false

Answer 46

refutation

Question 47

an instruction to the audience designed to provoke an immediate response

Answer 47

call to action

Question 48

the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something

Answer 48

substantiation

Question 49

evidence or arguments establishing or helping to establish a fact or the truth of a statement

Answer 49

proof