Fallacies Flashcards
What is Language?
Language is used for thoughts, its a medium, and used to point out fallacies.
Euphemism
Makes a word or phrase sound better.
Vagueness
A word or phrase that is not precise.
Ambiguity
Word or phrase has more than one meaning.
Semantic
Word/Phrase w/ multiple meanings.
Syntactic
Sentence structure
Genuis Dispute
A person claims a statement is true, while another believes that same statement is false.
Verbal/Linguistic Dispute
A person claims a statement is true while another person claims a different statement is false.
Informative Language
Facts or an Opinion
Emotive Language
Expresses Emotion: Sarcasm, tone of voice, punctuative.
Ceremonial Language
Ceremony, Social use “Welcome to Olive Garden”
Directive Language
Alter Behavior
Cliche
Over used language (lose meaning)
Jargen
Over technical: sports, military, computer, lawyers.
Fallacy
A poor argument not caused by false premises.
Formal Fallacy
Poor form/ Sentence structure (deductive/invalid)
Informal Fallacy
Causes by the content of argument
Affirming the Consequent
P1 If A then B
P2 B
C: A
Denying the Antecedent
P1 If A, then B
P2 Not A
C: Not B
Equivocation
Key word or phrase changes meaning.
Amphiboly
Double Meaning: Poor sentence (makes you laugh)
Composition
Compose
Parts-Whole
Division
Divide
Whole-Parts
Gamblers Fallacy
A________B
Hasty Generalization
Make a conclusion too quick.
Sweeping Generalization
P1 General Rule (98%)
P2 Exceptional Case (2%)
Weak/Fasle Analogy
Poor Composition | Compare 2 unalike things.
Unqualified Authority
Not what they are good at.
Appeals to Popularity
“Everyone believes…”
Bandwagon: Wanting to be apart of the popular crowd.
Appeal to tradition
“Always Done it”
False Cause
“X…………..Y”
1.) Coincidence
2.) 3rd factor
Slippery Slope
“X……(assume)….. Y…(awful)”
