Fallacies

Question 1

Attacking your opponent’s character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument.

Answer 1

Ad hominem

Question 2

Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics

Answer 2

Anecdotal

Question 3

Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.

Answer 3

Bandwagon

Question 4

Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.

Answer 4

Strawman

Question 5

Where two alternative states are presented as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist

Answer 5

Black or white

Question 6

Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.

Answer 6

Composition/division

Question 7

Presuming that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other.

Answer 7

False cause

Question 8

Asking a question that has an assumption built into it so that it can’t be answered without appearing guilty.

Answer 8

Loaded question

Question 9

Asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z will consequently happen too, therefore A should not happen

Answer 9

Slippery slope

Question 10

Saying that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true.

Answer 10

Appeal to authority

Question 11

Believing that ‘runs’ occur to statistically independent phenomena such as roulette wheel spins.

Answer 11

The gambler’s fallacy

Question 12

Presuming a claim to be necessarily wrong because a fallacy has been committed

Answer 12

The fallacy fallacy