Fallacies

Question 1

Paralogisme

Answer 1

un raisonnement faux
qui apparaît comme valide,
notamment à son auteur1,
lequel est de bonne foi

Question 2

un raisonnement faux qui apparaît comme valide, notamment à son auteur1, lequel est de bonne foi

Answer 2

Paralogisme

Question 3

Sophisme

Answer 3

argument fallacieux
qui apparaît comme valide
mais destiné à tromper

Question 4

argumentfallacieuxqui apparaît comme valider mais destiné à tromper

Answer 4

Sophisme

Question 5

Ad hominem

Answer 5

attempt to invalidate an opponent’s position based on a personal trait or fact about the opponent rather than through logic.

Question 6

attempt to invalidate an opponent’s position based on a personal trait or fact about the opponent rather than through logic.

Answer 6

Ad hominem

Question 7

Katherine is a bad choice for mayor because she didn’t grow up in this town.

Answer 7

Ad hominem

Question 8

Red herring

Answer 8

attempt to shift focus from the debate at hand by introducing an irrelevant point.

Question 9

attempt to shift focus from the debate at hand by introducing an irrelevant point.

Answer 9

Red herring

Question 10

Losing a tooth can be scary, but have you heard about the Tooth Fairy?

Answer 10

Red herring

Question 11

Straw man

Answer 11

argumentthat argues against a hyperbolic, inaccurate version of the opposition rather than their actual argument.

Question 12

argumentthat argues against a hyperbolic, inaccurate version of the opposition rather than their actual argument.

Answer 12

Straw man

Question 13

Erin thinks we need to stop using all plastics, right now, to save the planet from climate change.

Answer 13

Straw man

Question 14

Equivocation

Answer 14

statement crafted to mislead or confuse readers or listeners by using multiple meanings or interpretations of a word or simply through unclear phrasing.

Question 15

statement crafted to mislead or confuse readers or listeners by using multiple meanings or interpretations of a word or simply through unclear phrasing.

Answer 15

Equivocation

Question 16

While I have a clear plan for the campus budget that accounts for every dollar spent, my opponent simply wants to throw money at special interest projects.

Answer 16

Equivocation

Question 17

Slippery slope

Answer 17

the arguer claims a specific series of events will follow one starting point, typically with no supporting evidence for this chain of events.

Question 18

the arguer claims a specific series of events will follow one starting point, typically with no supporting evidence for this chain of events.

Answer 18

Slippery slope

Question 19

If we make an exception for Bijal’s service dog, then other people will want to bring their dogs. Then everybody will bring their dog, and before you know it, our restaurant will be overrun with dogs, their slobber, their hair, and all the noise they make, and nobody will want to eat here anymore.

Answer 19

Slippery slope

Question 20

Hasty generalization

Answer 20

statement made after considering just one or a few examples rather than relying on more extensive research to back up the claim. It’s important to keep in mind that what constitutes sufficient research depends on the issue at hand and the statement being made about it.

Question 21

statement made after considering just one or a few examples rather than relying on more extensive research to back up the claim.
(It’s important to keep in mind that what constitutes sufficient research depends on the issue at hand and the statement being made about it.)

Answer 21

Hasty generalization

Question 22

I felt nauseated both times I ate pizza from Georgio’s, so I must be allergic to something in pizza.

Answer 22

Hasty generalization

Question 23

Appeal to authority

Answer 23

the arguer claims an authority figure’s expertise to support a claim despite this expertise being irrelevant or overstated.

Question 24

the arguer claims an authority figure’s expertise to support a claim despite this expertise being irrelevant or overstated.

Answer 24

Appeal to authority

Question 25

If you want to be healthy, you need to stop drinking coffee. I read it on a fitness blog.

Answer 25

Appeal to authority

Question 26

False dilemma or false dichotomy

Answer 26

claim that there are only two options in a given situation. Often, these two options are extreme opposites of each other, failing to acknowledge that other, more reasonable, options exist.

Question 27

claim that there are only two options in a given situation. Often, these two options are extreme opposites of each other, failing to acknowledge that other, more reasonable, options exist.

Answer 27

False dilemma or false dichotomy

Question 28

If you don’t support my decision, you were never really my friend.

Answer 28

False dilemma or false dichotomy

Question 29

Bandwagon fallacy

Answer 29

the arguer claims that a certain action is the right thing to do because it’s popular.

Question 30

the arguer claims that a certain action is the right thing to do because it’s popular.

Answer 30

Bandwagon fallacy

Question 31

Of course it’s fine to wait until the last minute to write your paper. Everybody does it!

Answer 31

Bandwagon fallacy

Question 32

Appeal to ignorance

Answer 32

claim that something must be true because it hasn’t been proven false.

claim that something must be false because it hasn’t been proven true.

This is also known as the burden of proof fallacy.

Question 33

claim that something must be true because it hasn’t been proven false.

claim that something must be false because it hasn’t been proven true.

This is also known as the burden of proof fallacy.

Answer 33

Appeal to ignorance

Question 34

There must be fairies living in our attic because nobody’s ever proven that there aren’t fairies living in our attic.

Answer 34

Appeal to ignorance

Question 35

Circular argument

Answer 35

argument that uses the same statement as both the premise and the conclusion. No new information or justification is introduced.

Question 36

argument that uses the same statement as both the premise and the conclusion. No new information or justification is introduced.

Answer 36

Circular argument

Question 37

Peppers are the easiest vegetable to grow because I think peppers are the easiest vegetable to grow.

Answer 37

Circular argument

Question 38

Sunk cost fallacy

Answer 38

the arguer justifies their decision to continue a specific course of action by the amount of time or money they’ve already spent on it.

Question 39

the arguer justifies their decision to continue a specific course of action by the amount of time or money they’ve already spent on it.

Answer 39

Sunk cost fallacy

Question 40

I’m not enjoying this book, but I bought it, so I have to finish reading it.

Answer 40

Sunk cost fallacy

Question 41

Appeal to pity

Answer 41

attempt to sway a reader’s or listener’s opinion by provoking them emotionally.

Question 42

attempt to sway a reader’s or listener’s opinion by provoking them emotionally.

Answer 42

Appeal to pity

Question 43

I know I should have been on time for the interview, but I woke up late and felt really bad about it, then the stress of being late made it hard to concentrate on driving here.

Answer 43

Appeal to pity

Question 44

Causal fallacy

Answer 44

fallacy that implies a relationship between two things where one can’t actually be proven.

Question 45

fallacy that implies a relationship between two things where one can’t actually be proven.

Answer 45

Causal fallacy

Question 46

When ice cream sales are up, so are shark attacks. Therefore, buying ice cream increases your risk of being bitten by a shark.

Answer 46

Causal fallacy

Question 47

Appeal to hypocrisy

Answer 47

a rebuttal that responds to one claim with reactive criticism rather than with a response to the claim itself.

Question 48

a rebuttal that responds to one claim with reactive criticism rather than with a response to the claim itself.

Answer 48

Appeal to hypocrisy

Question 49

“You don’t have enough experience to be the new leader.” “Neither do you!”

Answer 49

Appeal to hypocrisy