Fallacies Flashcards
Hasty or sweeping generalization
A conclusion is reached onto Little, improper, or isolated evidence
Either / or fallacy or false dilemma
Assumes that we must choose between two alternatives instead of allowing for other
Ad Misericordium
An appeal to another’s sympathy to gain support for the argument
Begging the question or circular argument
The conclusion is assumed, then used to prove it
Dictó simpliciter
Argument begins with a simple, unqualified statement but ends with a conclusion which must be qualified to be accepted
Add homonym or against the man
A form of name-calling. A person is discredited personally in an attempt to lessen the power of his or her argument
Add popular more bandwagoning
And this fallacy an argument is presented in terms that will appeal to the emotions and biases of the masses
Ad vericundium or appeal to authority
Most insidious when the appeal is made to an authority in one field who is speaking outside his or her field of expertise
Post hoc ergo proctor Hoch or after that therefore because of that
Assumes that just because one event follows another in town it was caused by that other event
Red
Introduces an irrelevant issue into a discussion as a diversionary tactic
False analogy
Comparisons can be highly effective in aiding understanding; however, when in analogy is used to prove a conclusion, it becomes a fallacy in logic
Non sequitur
The premises have no direct relationship to the conclusion
Oversimplified cause
Mistakes and assumes that a cause which contributes to an effect is the only cause of that effect
Strawman
Attacking a position similar to but not the same as the one your opponent holds
Slippery slope
Argument predicts it take me a first step will lead inevitably to a second usually undesirable step
