Fallacies Flashcards

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1
Q

appeal to ignorance

A
  • argues something is true because there is no evidence that it is false
  • also true vice versa.

ARGUMENT AD IGNORATIAM

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2
Q

appeal to inappropriate authority

A
  • appeals to the wrong authority

ARGUMENT AD VERECUNDIAM

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3
Q

complex question

A

two questions rolled into one

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4
Q

argument against the person

A

attack against the person

ARGUMENT AD HOMINEM

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5
Q

accident

A

jumps quickly FROM a generalization

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6
Q

converse accident

A

jumps quickly TO a genereralization

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7
Q

false cause

A
  • asserts that a causal connection exists even though there is none
  • post hoc ergo propter hoc
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8
Q

begging the question

A
  • using circular reasoning

PETITIO PRINCIPII

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9
Q

appeal to the people

A
  • appeal to emotion
  • snob appeal
  • bandwagon

ARGUMENT AD POPULUM

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10
Q

appeal to pity

A
  • uses guilt to support argument

ARGUMENT AD MISERICORDIUM

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11
Q

appeal to force

A
  • uses force or threat of force to support argument

ARGUMENT AD BACULUM

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12
Q

Irrelevant conclusion

A
  • premisses of the argument support a different conclusion
  • misses the point

IGNORATIO ELENCHI

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13
Q

equivocation

A
  • uses a word or phrase in more than one sense or meaning
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14
Q

amphiboly

A
  • a mistake in grammar results in uncertain meaning
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15
Q

composition

A
  • argues that the WHOLE has an attribute because the part has that attribute
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16
Q

division

A
  • argues that the PART has an attribute because the whole has that attribute
17
Q

red herring

A
  • argues by changing the topic to divert attention from the issue
18
Q

straw man

A
  • argues by misrepresenting, exaggerating, or oversimplifying to distort the issue
19
Q

weak or false analogy

A
  • makes a comparison which is not strong enough to support the argument