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Biology Lab > Fall semester lab practical > Flashcards

Fall semester lab practical Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why is a staining step often used when looking at cells under a microscope?

A

Increases Contrast

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2
Q

To find the magnification of an object viewed under the microscope….

A

Multiply the objective by the ocular

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3
Q

In a lab, frogs were raised with or without atrazine (a chemical) in their water. The percentage of frogs with deformities was counted. Is this experiment controlled or comparative? What is the dependent variable?

A

controlled and the dependent variable id the % of frogs with deformities

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4
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

lab with variables such as independent, dependent, and standardized variables.

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5
Q

In addition to the four major macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipid, protein, nucleic acids), what are the other nutritional requirements of our bodies?

A

Vitamins and Minerals

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6
Q

Indicators test for what?

A

Sugars, fats, and proteins

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7
Q

Stains combine with what to increase contrast of cells under the microscope?

A

Low power and the stage all the way up

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8
Q

To find the magnification of an object viewed under a microscope….

A

Multiply the objective by the ocular

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9
Q

If I use the 10x eyepiece and the 10x objective, what is the magnification?

A

100 diameters

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10
Q

In active transport, substances move from a _____ concentration to a _____ concentration.

A

Lower, Higher

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11
Q

In osmosis, water moves from a _____ concentration to a _____ concentration.

A

Higher, Lower

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12
Q

How do we obtain the major macromolecules that our bodies need?

A

Common foods

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13
Q

Which macromolecule is found in all cells?

A

Nucleic Acids

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14
Q

Sudan III is an indicator for?

A

Fat

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15
Q

Starch had the most potential energy of the carbohydrates tested in in the yeast metabolism lab. What is the best explanation for why it should not produce the most gas?

A

Yeast lacks the enzymes to break down starch into glucose

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16
Q

What organism is used in the metabolism lab>

A

Yeast

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17
Q

In an isotonic solution…

A

The cell volume stays the same

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18
Q

In active transport, substances move from a _____ concentration to a _____ concentration.

A

Lower to Higher

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19
Q

When a cell lyses it is

A

Swelling and pops

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20
Q

Cellulose has much potential energy but not for humans. Why can’t humans get at the stored energy in cellulose?

A

Lack the enzymes to break it down

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21
Q

What product of the yeast and carbohydrate reaction was actually measured in the metabolism lab?

A

Carbon dioxide

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22
Q

Starch had the most potential energy of the carbohydrates tested in in the yeast metabolism lab. What is the best explanation for why it should not produce the most gas?

A

Yeast lacks the enzymes to break down starch into glucose

23
Q

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

Tails

24
Q

Phospholipids three parts

A

Phosphate group, 2 fatty acid tails, glycerol head

25
Q

During the enzyme standardization section, you wanted a line that gave a linear absorbance change from 0 to 1 in approximately 120 seconds. Why is this important?

A

Basis for all other experiments raising or lowering enzyme activity rate

26
Q

What is the source of the enzyme peroxidase in lab this week?

A

Turnip

27
Q

What does hydrophilic mean and what part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic is water loving and is the head

28
Q

What does hydrophobic mean? What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

A

Water fearing, tails or fatty acid group.

29
Q

The 2 treatments in the membrane lab are…

A

temperature and organic solvents

30
Q

When we use the spectrophotometer, we zero the machine using a blank. Explain why we do this.

A

This eliminates absorption due to any source other than the experimental conditions.

31
Q

The enzyme we studied turns hydrogen peroxide into…

A

Water and Oxygen

32
Q

Give the equation to calculate enzyme activity rate using the following terms: number of seconds, final absorbance reading, initial absorbance reading

A

final absorbance reading - initial absorbance reading / number of seconds

33
Q

Guaicol turns brown in our reaction tubes due to the presence of…

A

Oxygen

34
Q

Leaf disks produce and consume oxygen gas. What process makes oxygen gas?

A

Photosynthesis only

35
Q

When a plant is exposed to light, what reactions are going on in the cell?

A

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

36
Q

We will modified the pH in one of the enzyme experiments. Why or How does pH affect the function of an enzyme?

A

pH affects the peptide bonds/ change in shape changes activity

37
Q

What does optimal pH give

A

the highest enzyme activity

38
Q

We increased substrate concentrations in one enzyme experiment. Why did we not expect to see an increase in enzyme activity for every additional increase in substrate concentration?

A

Only so much enzyme- once that’s working at full capacity it can’t use any more

39
Q

Why do the leaf disks begin to float in the sodium bicarbonate solution after infiltrating them?

A

Begin to photosynthesize and make oxygen gas - makes them lighter

40
Q

ou calculated the mean and standard deviation for your leaf floating times. What is the relationship between the variance and the standard deviation?

A

SD is the square root of the variance

41
Q

Why do leaf disks float in the solution containing sodium bicarbonate but not in the solution without sodium bicarbonate?

A

Bicarbonate is the carbon source - without it no photosynthesis, no oxygen, no floating

42
Q

Stage of meiosis I in which the chromatin begins to condense following interphase.

A

Early Prophase I

43
Q

Stage of Meiosis II in which the centromeres of the paired chromatids line up at the equatorial plates of each cell.

A

Metaphase II

44
Q

Stage of mitosis in which the paired sister chromatids separate, and the new daughter chromosomes begin to move toward the poles.

A

Anaphase

45
Q

Stage of Meiosis II in which the centromeres of the paired chromatids line up at the equatorial plates of each cell.

A

Metaphase II

46
Q

Stage of Meiosis I in which synapsis aligns homologs, and chromosomes condense further.

A

Mid-Prophase I

47
Q

Complementary base pairing in DNA pairs cytosine (C) with…

A

Guanine (G)

48
Q

A mutation in the DNA occurs that changes the DNA sequence. However, the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein does NOT change. How would this happen? Be specific.

A

mutations can cause changes that result in no change to the protein or no change in its function

49
Q

Gustation is the sense of…

A

Taste

50
Q

True or False Papillae are visible to the naked eye?

A

True

51
Q

What does Adenine ( A) pair with in DNA

A

Thymine

52
Q

A mutation in the DNA occurs that changes the DNA sequence. However, the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein does NOT change. How would this happen? Be specific.

A

mutations can cause changes that result in no change to the protein or no change in its function

53
Q

Transcriptions is?

A

Making mRNA

Biology Lab (1 decks)

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