Fall FInal Review 2023 Flashcards
What are two primary characteristics of the Paleolithic Era?
1) Invention of tools, mastery over fire
2) Development of language
What was the major shift that occurred during the Neolithic Revolution?
The start of Agriculture
What impact did the shift have on the way of human lives?
Household chores became women’s jobs, and people started producing food instead of just gathering it
Characteristics that make up a civilization:
Government- Hammurabi’s Code Mesopotamia
Culture- Sumerians in Mesopotamia
Writing- Cuneiform in Mesopotamia
Art- Arches, Columns, Pyramids in Mesopotamia
Religion- Polytheistic religion in Mesopotamia
Social Structure- Hierarchical structure
Monarchy
Is a system or form of government, where a kingdom is ruled by kings or queens
Theocracy
A form of government in which one person or a group of people rules in the name of a God
Direct Democracy
All decisions are voted on by the people
Republic
A country where power is held by the people or the representatives that they elect
Empire
A group of countries or regions that are controlled by one ruler or one government
What was the famous legal code in Mesopotamia?
Hammurabi’s Code
Why was Hammurabi’s Code significant?
It held people accountable for their crimes
What type of religion was practiced in Mesopotamia?
Polytheism
What type of writing was created in Mesopotamia?
Cuneiform
What were ziggurats?
A temple of worship
Judaism
Holy Book:
Moral Code of Law:
Place of Worship:
Important People:
The Torah
Halachah
Synagogues
Abraham, David, Isaiah, Moses, Joseph, Joshua
Important Characteristics of Judaism:
- Was the 1st monotheistic Religion
-God will communicate through good deals while punishing the evil - Most Jews believe that their Messiah hasn’t come yet
Christianity
Holy Book:
Moral Code of Law:
Place of Worship:
Important People:
The Bible
The 10 commandments
Church
Jesus, Mary, Joseph, 12 disciples
Important Characteristics of Christianity:
-Jesus of Nazareth was considered the Messiah
- Jesus died on the cross
-Jesus was resurrected
Islam
Holy book:
Place of worship:
Important People:
Shared traits with Christianity and Judaism:
The Qur’an
Mosque
Muhammad
Monotheism, Worship and love God
FIve Pillars of Islam:
- Shahadah: declaration of faith
- Salah: Pray 5 times a day
- Zakat: Give money
- Sawm: fast during Ramadan
- Hajj: Travel to Mecca
Caliph
The leader of the Muslim Community
Sharia
Islam’s legal system (laws)
Two major Islamic Caliphates
- Umayyad Caliphates
- Abbasid Caliphates
What advances in mathematics were made during this time?
The study of astronomy
How did the Ottoman Empire stock the elite fighting corps of its army?
With gunpowder and cannons
What was the greatest military conquest of the Ottomans?
Ending the Byzantine Empire
What is a Minaret?
a tower attached to a mosque that calls people to prayer
WHat were two important rivers for the Chinese River Valley Civilization?
The Yellow river, and the Yangtzi river
what advances cam out of Ancient China?
Papermaking, printing, Gunpowder, compass
The Mandate of Heaven
In Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of the Royal Authority
The Dynastic Cycle
The historical patterns, of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
Filial Piety
Respect shown by children for their parents and elders
Silk Making
Important guide of social class, and good for trade
The Silk Road
A system of Ancient caravan routes across central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods
Daoism
Idea of Laozi. People should be guided by the universal force called Dao
The Great wall of China
Secures China’s economic and cultural development by protecting large sections of the Silk Road. Gaining lots of control
Qin Shi Huang
The first Qin Emperor who started the foundation of the wall
List 3 characteristics of Confucianism
- Celebration
- Leadership
- Ritual
How did Confucianism impact China?
It gave them a way of living but also influenced spiritual beliefs
Han Achievements
- Established the Silk Road
- Invented paper
- Spread confucian beliefs
Tang Achievements (poetry)
- Advanced Military
- Civil service Exams
- Grand Canal
Song Achievements
- Studied human Anatomy
- Printer and gunpowder
- paintings
How equal were women to men in Tang/Song China?
not equal at all. Forced foot binding, women’s work was deemed less important to the family’s prosperity and status
Five Characteristics of Mongol Empire
- Genghi’s Khan “universal ruler” Mongol leader
- Conquered land from China to Poland in less than 50 years
- Largest unified land empire in history
- Paper currency
- Extremely barbaric and had harsh rules for military to follow
who was Zheng He?
Led 7 voyages
What was Zheng He able to accomplish?
distribute gifts and claimed China’s superiority
What was the significance of the Forbidden City?
To symbolize Yonglo’s power and might
