Fall Final Exam Passage Identification Flashcards
Who wrote Hammurabi’s Code and When was it written?
Author: Hammurabi
The code was written in the 1700s BCE after the Akkadian empire fell to the Babylonians
Key words: look for punishments to be death or loss of body parts
What was Hammurabi’s bias in writing the Code and what was the purpose of the code
Writing the code likely increased Hammurabi’s prestige. He wanted to bring light to the unenlightened Pope. This code is an early example of the members of clergy crafting a narrative to support a certain leader. The code was written so that all of Babylon could read and understand the law of their land
Who wrote the myth of Romulus and Remus and when was it written?
author: Titus Livy
The myth was written 700 years after the 250 year kingship period in Rome that supposedly began with the reign of Romulus
Key words: Sabines
What is the bias, purpose, and significanc of the myth of Romulus and Remus
In the myth, Livy criticizes the decay of Roman society and loss of moral virtue. The myth served as a recounting of the beginning of Rome and made the Roman people wary of concentrated power, thus reinforcing the notion of the Republic
Who wrote the Twelve Tables and when?
Author: Anonymous
The Twelve Tables was written in the Early Republic after the Plebians went on a general strike.
Key words: Debtor and creditor
What was the bias, purpose, and significance of the Twelve Tables
the Twelve Tables encouraged loyalty to res publica, representative government, and the Rule of Law. It was meant to create representation for the Plebians because the laws were skewed to the upper class. The Twelve Tables clarified Roman law and made them publicly displayed to the citizens. The Twelve Tables became the basis for all Roman law and is the earliest form of written Roman Law. Patron/client network formed the framework for a representative government.
Who wrote the Justinian Code and when
Author: Emperor Justinian
the code was written during the reign of Justinian when the Eastern Empire tried to reconstitute the Roman Empire
Key Words: talk about justice, freedom, or the church
What was the bias, purpose, and significance of the Justinian Code
Bias: make all of Rome exist under one law; law that aligned with Justinian’s priorities
purpose: systematically reorganize Roman law
Significance: served as a blueprint for the Western Church’s Canon law and unified the Byzantine empire under Rome
Who wrote the Dictates of the Pope and when
author: Pope Gregory VII
Written in a time when the pope and emperors were in competition for control over the Holy Roman Empire; 1075
Key words: One line statutes and the synod being mentioned
What was the bias, purpose, and significance of the Dictates of the Pope
Bias: the pope wanted more power
purpose: increase the power of the papacy to surpass that of the church
significance: It increased tensions between Henry IV and the Pope and eventually led to Henry IV being excommunicated by the pope
Who wrote the Lateran IV: Canon 68 and when
author: Pope Innocent III, though the entire church helped and supported it
After the first crusades, religious intolerance was growing in Europe. The council met in 1215
Key words: jews, saracens, and christians
What was the bias, purpose, and significance of Canon 68
Bias: separate the Jews from the rest of society
Purpose: the same
Significance: It became more and more acceptable to attack and expel Jews and within the century most of the Jews were pushed out of Eastern Europe, settling in Western Europe and Poland
Who wrote the Constitutes of Clarendon and when
author: Henry II
1164. This document was a key player in the feud between Henry and the archbishop Thomas Beckett
Key words: “in the year 1164”, lots of talk about the archbishop and rules for him
What was the bias, purpose, and significance of the Constitutes of Clarendon
Bias: An attempt by Henry II to push back on the authority of the church and give more power to the crown
Purpose: restrict the privileges of the Clergy and of church officials
Significance: Sparked the feud between Thomas Beckett and Henry.
Who wrote the Assize of Clarendon and when
Author: King Henry II
By 1160, Henry ruled over a large amount of territory and needed a way to settle land disputes after the 20 year period of civil war that happened before his reign
Key words: There are 22 laws in short form, “testimony” is mentioned many times
