Fall final

Question 1

Neolithic Age

Answer 1

The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s). It follows the Paleolithic period.

Question 2

Paleolithic

Answer 2

The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.

Question 3

Ozymandias

Answer 3

Poem/sonnet written in 1817 that illustrates the eventual uselessness of a great king’s proud boast that time and history has ironically disproved;

Question 4

Hammurabi Code

Answer 4

Set of laws established by Mesopotamian ruler. It is the most important document to survive from ancient Mesopotamia.

Question 5

Hammurabi

Answer 5

Mesopotamian ruler who established a uniform set of laws and created the Old Babylonian Empire

Question 6

Ziggurats

Answer 6

Step-shaped pyramid serving as the main temple in Mesopotamian cities.

Question 7

Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 7

Perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It covers the adventures of the King of Uruk .

Question 8

Polytheism

Answer 8

The belief in more than one god or many gods

Question 9

Monotheism

Answer 9

Belief in only one God

Question 10

Zoroaster

Answer 10

A Persian prophet who said that there were not many deities as the Persians thought, but only Ahura Mazda (good) and Ahriman (darkness) and that someday Ahura Mazda would beat Ahriman.

Question 11

satrap

Answer 11

Official who ruled a state in the Persian empire under Darius

Question 12

Hieroglyphics

Answer 12

Pictographic script, particularly that of ancient Egypt.

Question 13

Cuneiform

Answer 13

Writing of early Mesopotamian civilizations composed of slim triangular or wedge-shaped elements.

Question 14

Joshua

Answer 14

Early Hebrew leader who succeeded Moses and led the conquest of Canaan.

Question 15

Moses

Answer 15

Leader of Hebrews who led the nation of Egyptian slaves through 40 years of wandering in the desert in route to the Promised Land. He received the 10 Commandments from God on Mt. Sinai.

Question 16

King David

Answer 16

He defeated Goliath and became the second king of the Hebrew nation. Expanded the borders of the Hebrew nation. Father of Solomon.

Question 17

King Solomon

Answer 17

Third king of Hebrew nation; builder of the first temple; known for wisdom and the writer of many Old Testament writings.

Question 18

King Saul

Answer 18

First king of the Hebrew nation. Was killed by Philistines.

Question 19

Persian Empire

Answer 19

Empire created under Cyrus the Great and lasted from 550 B.C. until defeated by Alexander the Great.

Question 20

Hittite Empire

Answer 20

An empire of Anatolia. Advanced the use of chariots in warfare.

Question 21

Cyrus the Great

Answer 21

Founder of the Persian Empire and famous for permitting the Jewish captives to return home.

Question 22

Xerxes

Answer 22

Persian king and son and successor of Darius I. Led a failed military campaign against Greece that included the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis.

Question 23

Homer

Answer 23

Greek blind poet and author of the Illiad and The Odyssey.

Question 24

Bablyonia

Answer 24

Empire developed in Mesopotamia . Established the first documented law code, 60 numbered code, 360 day calendar, and advanced astrology.

Question 25

Delian League

Answer 25

Anti-Persian alliance of Greek cities organized by Athens

Question 26

Peloponnesian War

Answer 26

27-year war between Athens and Sparta.

Question 27

Herodotus

Answer 27

Author , of a history of the Persian Wars, known as the Father of History.

Question 28

Persian Wars

Answer 28

Wars between combined Greek city-states and the Persian Empire between 490 B.C.and 480 B.C.

Question 29

Thucydides

Answer 29

Greek historian of the late fifth century B.C. known for his account of the Peloponesian War

Question 30

Pericles

Answer 30

Important leader and warrior in Athens during the Golden Age who strengthened democracy, made it possible for poor people to be in the government of Athens, and said there should be equal justice for all people.

Question 31

hoplite

Answer 31

Heavily armed Greek soldier

Question 32

Tyrant

Answer 32

Illegal, unconstitutional Greek ruler who opposed the aristocrats.

Question 33

Oligarchy

Answer 33

Greek for “rule by the few”, constitutional form of government based on rule by the wealthy.

Question 34

Solon

Answer 34

Politician and poet of Athens in the early sixth century B.C. who created the oligarchy at Athens.

Question 35

Socrates

Answer 35

Athenian philosopher of the late fifth century B.C. who used a question-and-answer method of teaching.

Question 36

Plato

Answer 36

Athenian philosopher of the early fourth century B.C. who wrote The Republic and established a school called the Academy.

Question 37

Aristotle

Answer 37

Greek philosopher who established scientific classification methods and the school known as the Lyceum.

Question 38

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Answer 38

From simplest to more ornate the three column types that began in ancient Greece

Question 39

Sophocles

Answer 39

Athenian writer of Greek tragedies; most victorious of Dionysus Festival competition; author of Antigone.

Question 40

Philip of Macedon

Answer 40

Father of Alexander the Great who united the Greeks under his rule.

Question 41

Alexander the Great

Answer 41

Ruler of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and known for spread of Greek (Hellenistic) culture in western Asia.

Question 42

Alexandria

Answer 42

Name of 70+ colonies by Alexander the Great. Famous for its libraries.

Question 43

Hebrews

Answer 43

Known for monotheism, being a people of the Book, and eventual settlement in Canaan. Dispersed through several Diaspora events.

Question 44

The Illiad and the Odyssey

Answer 44

Stories by Homer chronicling the Trojan War and Odysseus’ trek home from the Trojan War.

Question 45

Marathon

Answer 45

battle between Athenians and Persians.

Question 46

Thermopylae

Answer 46

land battle between Persians and Greeks led by select few Spartans who sacrificed their lives to hold off the invaders.

Question 47

Salamis

Answer 47

sea battle near an island near Athens in which the Greek fleet led by Athenians defeated the Persian fleet.

Question 48

List in order the five stages of Greek Civilization

Answer 48

Minoan, Mycenaean, Dark, Archaic, Classical

Question 49

Etruscans

Answer 49

Inhabitants of northwestern Italy whose culture greatly influenced early Rome.

Question 50

Plebeians

Answer 50

The less privileged of the early Roman citizens

Question 51

Patricians

Answer 51

The most privileged of the early Roman citizens

Question 52

Hannibal

Answer 52

Carthaginian general who invaded Italy beginning the Second Punic War

Question 53

Romulus

Answer 53

One of two twin brothers who were legendary founders of Rome

Question 54

Carthage

Answer 54

City and civilization on the northern coast of Africa; originally founded by Phoenicia; rival to Rome in 3 successive wars

Question 55

Punic Wars

Answer 55

Three wars over a approximately 120 years between Rome and Carthage; won by Rome and propelled Rome into great territorial expansion.

Question 56

Roman Republic

Answer 56

System of government introduced by Romans after expelling kings in 509 B.C., based on collegiate rule and rule by law;

Question 57

Roman Empire

Answer 57

Began under the rule of Octavian (Augustus Caesar); rule by dictatorial emperor, weakened Senate, and strengthened army.

Question 58

Julius Caesar

Answer 58

Member of the First Triumvirate who ceased control of Rome after a civil war. Was murdered by many Senators resulting in a new, Second Triumvirate

Question 59

Octavian

Answer 59

Member of the Second Triumvirate who became the ruler of the Roman Empire; also known as Augustus Caesar

Question 60

Pax Romana

Answer 60

Period of Roman peace, economic growth, and the introduction of Christianity

Question 61

Principate

Answer 61

Roman Empire , as established by Augustus

Question 62

First Triumvirate

Answer 62

A group of three men formed to rule Rome that was eventually overpowered by Caesar.

Question 63

Second Triumvirate

Answer 63

A group of three men to rule Rome that was eventually overpowered by Octavian.

Question 64

Battle of Actium

Answer 64

Battle on the eastern coast of Greece between Octavian and Antony. won by Octavian who became the Emperor of Rome and known as Augustus Caesar.

Question 65

Twelve Tables

Answer 65

First written collection of Roman law

Question 66

Latin Rights

Answer 66

In the Roman Republic and the Empire, certain rights and privileges, amounting to qualified citizenship, of a person who was not a Roman citizen.

Question 67

Lucretia

Answer 67

Roman matron who was raped by the last Etruscan King. Disgraced, she committed suicide, leading Romans to end the monarchy and replace it with the republic.

Question 68

Equestrians

Answer 68

a new Roman social class that emerged ranking just below the senators