Fall Bloomers Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is more characteristic of dementia and NOT of normal age-related memory changes?
memory loss that interferes with daily life
occasionally misplacing items
occasional forgetfulness of details
minor short-term memory loss

A

memory loss that interferes with daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F. Dementia is the result of physical changes in the brain.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F. Alzheimer’s Disease was first described as a “pre-senile” dementia.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
Which of the following is the average life span of an Alzheimer’s patient after initial symptom presentation?
  4 years 
  8 years 
  2 years 
  6 years
A

8 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
All of the following are characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease, except:
  Cortical atrophy due to neuronal loss 
  Presence of neurofibrillary tangles 
  Presence of dense amyloid plaques 
  Presence of IgM antibodies in the CSF
A

presence of IgM antibodies in the CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. They are also observed in patients without Alzheimer’s disease.
First statement is true. Second is false.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
First statement is false. Second is true.

A

both statements are true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A 70 year old patient is having mental status changes and does not seem to remember recent events, such as whether he ate breakfast, brushed his teeth, or walked his dog. The most likely change of aging is which of the following:
  Increased serotonin levels 
  Diminished renal function 
  Changes in liver metabolism 
  Decreased acetylcholine levels
A

decreased acetylcholine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
One of the reasons that an opioid, such as hydrocodone, seems to cause an increased effect in elderly is which of the following:
  Increased body fat 
  Decreased opioid receptors 
  Decreased muscle mass 
  Increased opioid receptors
A

increased body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
Diphenhydramine is an example of a drug that may not be recommended for geriatric patients per which of the following?
  Changes in renal function 
  The dosing is too complex 
  Changes in absorption 
  Beer’s criteria
A

beer’s criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A 78 year old male at a long term care facility is yelling and screaming and so an antipsychotic (Zyprexa) is prescribed for him. Which of the following may explain his symptoms?
  A urinary tract infection 
  Pain due to an abscessed tooth 
  All of the answers are correct 
  An occult fracture
A

all of the answers are correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A 79 year old male has experienced drug toxicity secondary to taking both a generic and trade name anticonvulsant (carbamazepine, e.g. Tegretol). Which of the following may be the most appropriate way to prevent this from happening in the future?
Use a calendar
Use nonpharmacological treatments when possible
Observe Beer’s criteria for medication use
Use the same pharmacy

A

use the same pharmacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F. The Beer’s criteria provides information on correct doses for renally cleared medications.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
Which of the following provides correct information on unnecessary drug duplication?
  Beer’s criteria 
  Medication Appropriateness Index 
  Up to Date 
  The Physician’s Desk Reference
A

medication appropriateness index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In a recently published article, which of the following outcomes has been shown to improve with intensive treatment for periodontal disease in a patient with diabetes?
Decreased hemoglobin A1c
Decreased need for dental extraction
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased need to take diabetes medications

A

decreased hemoglobin A1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A patient is taking Lisinopril, levothyroxine, alendronate, and amitriptyline. Which medication may be associated with jaw osteonecrosis?
  Levothyroxine 
  Alendronate 
  Warfarin 
  Lisinopril
A

alendronate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A patient requires acetaminophen for pain control. Which of the following is correct regarding this medication?
It is a medication with such a safety margin that patients can safely take as much as is required to control pain
It is available only by prescription
There is only one appropriate dose – 325 mg every 8 hours
There is only one appropriate dose – 500 mg every 12 hours
It is available in numerous doses and different regimens are used

A

it is available in numerous doses and different regimens are used

17
Q

Which of the following is correct regarding OTC use by the elderly?
40% of elderly use OTCs
Elderly tend to use single-ingredient rather than multi-ingredient OTCs
Elderly rarely have problems when using OTCs
Elderly carefully read all of the labeled instructions

A

40% of the elderly use OTCs

18
Q
A patient is experiencing cardiac arrhythmias and OTC overdose is suspected. Which of the following may be responsible?
  Loperamide (Imodium) 
  Alka seltzer 
  Melatonin 
  Acetaminophen
A

loperamide (imodium)

19
Q
Acetaminophen may interact with which of the following to increase serum concentrations?
  Phenylephrine 
  Diphenhydramine 
  Alka seltzer 
  Loperamide (Immodium)
A

phenylephrine

20
Q
Which of the following is most commonly associated with OTC cough and cold medicine toxicity?
  Bradypnea 
  Hypotension 
  Hypothermia 
  Tachycardia
A

tachycardia

21
Q

Which of the following is a definition of dietary supplements?
OTCs containing aspirin or acetaminophen
Products containing only vitamins and minerals
Products that contain only herbs or botanicals
Products containing dietary ingredients intended to supplement the diet

A

products containing dietary ingredients intended to supplement the diet

22
Q

Which of the following is true regarding dietary supplements?
They are safe because they are natural
They are regulated as drugs
They may cause adverse effects
They may be used instead of prescription medications

A

they may cause adverse effects

23
Q
Which of the following supplement types warrant caution?
  Body building products 
  Men’s health products 
  All of the supplements listed 
  Weight loss products
A

all of the supplements listed

24
Q
Which of the following was not described as requiring caution in a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin)?
  CoQ10 
  Echinacea 
  St. John’s wort 
  Ginkgo biloba 
  Flax seed oil
A

echinacea

25
Q
Which of the following is a dangerous supplement because it may have opioid-like effects?
  St. John’s wort 
  Turmeric 
  Kratom 
  Garcinia cambogia
A

kratom

26
Q

Which of the following is not a true statement about edentulism in the US?
Edentulism rates have declined in each reported decade since the 1950’s
Utah has a high prevalence of edentulism compared to other states
More women than men are edentulous
Edentulism is positively associated with low socio-economic status

A

utah has a high prevalence of edentulism compared to other states

27
Q

Among people over the age of 65, what percentage have untreated dental caries? (NHANES 2011-2012)

  1. 2%
  2. 6%
  3. 9%
  4. 9%
A

18.9%

28
Q

According to the J Dent Res 2005, older adults in North America experience:

  1. 0 new caries lesion/person/year
  2. 1 new caries lesion/person/year
  3. 33 new caries lesions/person/year
  4. 0 new caries lesion/at-risk surfaces/year
A

1.0 new caries lesion/person/year

29
Q

T or F. Epidemiological studies clearly demonstrate that rates of root caries in older adults exceeds rates of coronal caries.

A

false

30
Q

Which of the following does NOT contribute to root caries risk?
Quality and quantity of saliva
Dentin demineralization at a pH of 5.4
Clinical attachment loss
Diet

A

dentin demineralizes at a pH of 5.4

31
Q

Which statement is NOT true about aging and periodontal disease?
Alveolar bone density decreases with age
Attachment loss is more prevalent in older patients than younger patients
Cellular components of the PDL decrease with aging
Severe periodontitis (pockets >5 mm) is most prevalent in the oldest patients

A

severe periodontitis (pockets >5mm) is most prevalent in the oldest patients

32
Q
In the aging pulp, which is NOT a predictable finding?
  Decreased innervation 
  Decreased cellularity 
  Decreased fibrosis 
  Decreased vascularity
A

decreased fibrosis

33
Q
In the aging pulp, which is NOT a predictable finding?
  Decreased innervation 
  Decreased cellularity 
  Decreased fibrosis 
  Decreased vascularity
A

decreased fibrosis

34
Q

T or F. Late pulp breakdown with apical periodontitis is rare in older adults.

A

false

35
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?
Root canal therapy is legitimate and predictable in “old teeth”
Secndary and tertiary/reparative dentin may result in increased difficulty with pulpal diagnosis
Small files and 1/2 size files may be required if endo is attempted in “old teeth”
Although the data are limited, direct pulp capping is legitimate and predictable in “old pulps”

A

although the data are limited, direct pulp capping is legitimate and predictable in “old pulps”

36
Q
Which of the following is NOT an IADL?
  Cooking 
  Managing finances 
  Transferring 
  Managing medications
A

transferring

37
Q

T or F. Assessment of function is not important in the elderly.

A

false