fall and balance prevention Flashcards

Question

what are the common risk factors for falls

Answer 1

impaired balance and gait weakness multiple medications vision impairments environmental hazards postural/orthostatic hypertension feet/footwear

Answer 2

migrations strategies including fall prevention plans, safe handling, and early mobility. think of the seesaw leaning to one side.

Answer 3

immobility-reconditioning- functional decline- multi system organ functioning- susceptiblility to infection

Answer 4

identify who is at risk

Answer 5

scored above 4 on the stay independent brochure or answered no to all the key questions

Answer 6

by evaluating their TUG, 30 second sit to stand and 6 minute walk test. if there is no impairment they are low risk

Answer 7

when he patient has fallen 2x in a year or has fallen once that lead to an injury.

Answer 8

30 second sit to stand TUG 4 stage balance

Answer 9

Base of support

Answer 10

biomechanical constraints/MSK determinants (strength) anticipatory postural adjustments/postural movement strategies observation of sitting and sit-to-stand

Answer 11

biomechanical constraints/MSK determinants (BOS) anticipatory postural adjustments/postural movement strategies

Answer 12

Anticipatory postural adjustments/postural movement strategies (STS) stability in gait observation of walk and turn

Answer 13

Ask every patient 65 and older about history of falls The most critical recommendation: ASK! 1) Have you experienced a fall in the last year. a) If yes: ask about the frequency and circumstances of the fall(s). b) If no: ask if they are experiencing any difficulties with walking or balance or if they have felt unsteady at any point in the last year. 2)If no to both questions :no fall risk assessment needs to be performed unless other red flags 3) If yes to either: Multifactorial fall risk assessment needs to be done to screen for balance or mobility deficits

Answer 14

Individually tailored multifactorial exercise program Strengthening/Resistance Exercise Remember to avoid under dosing Is primary focus of intervention for those at high risk of falls Targeted balance challenges ROM and Flexibility Exercise Hip, knee, ankle, spine Endurance Home Modifications

Answer 15

Remember to avoid under dosing Is primary focus of intervention for those at high risk of falls

Answer 16

around 50 hours ongoing exercise is necessary

Answer 17

Programs WITHOUT walking training were MORE effective. (38% reduction in falls WITHOUT versus 21% reduction WITH)

Answer 18

Exercise must provide a moderate or high challenge to balance. Standing w/little to no UE support Reducing BOS Altering COG Balance exercise must be of a sufficient dose to have an effect.

Answer 19

2-3 hrs/wk for a minimum of 12 weeks

Answer 20

As a SINGLE intervention, does not reduce the number of falls or fallers (Karlsson M, et al 2013) No adverse effects though Used as part of multifaceted intervention proves effective for fall reduction Increase base of support Provide tactile cues about the ground Can provide support

Answer 21

there is insufficient evidence that walking programs help reduce falls.

Answer 22

Fall risk is a chronic condition, like other “geriatric syndromes” (e.g., cognitive impairment, frailty), and should be monitored on an ongoing basis

Answer 23

hospitalization

Answer 24

Fall risk can be reduced by as much as 30% by applying simple, evidence-based interventions

Answer 25

Fall risk assessment is a multifactorial problem

Answer 26

There is no simple solution to fall prevention or fall rate reduction

Answer 27

ALL PTs should be screening older adults for fall risk