Fall 17 Midterm

Question 1

Internal Consistency

Answer 1

Consistency of construct across individual items of an outcome measure.

Like is there consistency among the questions in the survey.

Question 2

Test-Retest

Answer 2

Consistency of a test when given to a person, unchanged in the outcome, on two different occasions.

Question 3

Intra-rater

Answer 3

Consistency of raters, compared to themselves, on two different occasions.

Question 4

Inter-rater

Answer 4

Consistency of raters compared to each other.

Question 5

Internal Consistency Basic Study Design

Answer 5

Conduct the outcome measure on a group of people. Then analysze the intra-subject correlation between items.

Question 6

Test-Retest Basic Study Design

Answer 6

One person gives test to same people on different days.

Question 7

Intra-rater Basic Study Design

Answer 7

Several therapist give the test to the same people at different times.

Question 8

Inter-rater Basic Study Design

Answer 8

Therapist meausre the same participants and their scores are compared.

Question 9

Internal Consistency Common Statistical Results

Answer 9

Chronbach Alpha - a measure of correllation (ideal is between .7-.9 because if it were one then the questions would be too similar).

Question 10

Test-Retest Common Statistical Results

Answer 10

ICC or Kappa (closer to 1 is better)

Question 11

Intra-rater Common Statistical Results

Answer 11

ICC or Kappa (closer to 1 is better)

Question 12

Inter-rater Common Statistical Results

Answer 12

ICC or Kappa (closer to 1 is better)

Question 13

Internal Validity Appraisal Considerations

Answer 13

Sample size
Participants have a range of diversity in the outcome measure.
Participants are stable in characteristics of interest.
Same circumstances (consistent manner) for assessment each time.
Time appropriate between measurements (1 day)

Question 14

Construct Validity

Answer 14

Does the outcome measure measure what it is intended to measure.

Construct Validity must have a theory behind it.
Therefore Convergent, Discriminate and Known groups has a theory behind it.

Question 15

Criterion: Concurrent

Answer 15

Two measures correlate at the same time point. Did it at the same time.

Question 16

Criterion: Predictive

Answer 16

The outcome measure of interest is correlated with another outcome measure or outcome at a later point. Therefore it has to deal with Time. Did something change over TIME.

Question 17

Construct: Convergent

Answer 17

Does the outcome measure of interest correlate with another. Remember that this is very similar to concurrent but this is a criterion so there is a theory behind it.

You have two measures that your expecting to measure the same thing.

Question 18

Construct: Discriminative

Answer 18

Does the outcome of interest NOT correlate with a measure known to measure a different construct.

Your measuring one thing and then measuring something else that you would expect to have different results to show that it is not measure the same thing.

Question 19

Construct: Known Groups

Answer 19

Does the outcome measure of interest produce different results for groups of people known to be different on the construct the outcome is supposed to test.

Basically, you KNOW they will be different.
Like teacher taking a test vs students taking a test the teachers haven’t taught yet.

Question 20

Criterion Basic Study Design

Answer 20

measure the outcome of interest and established outcome measure.

Question 21

Construct Basic Study Design

Answer 21

Comparing the outcome measure of interest to the established gold standard of reference criterion.

Question 22

Minimal Detectable Change

Answer 22

The minimum amount of change required on an outcome measure to exceed anticipated measurement error and variability.

Your actually seeing change, and not change due to error.

Question 23

Responsiveness

Answer 23

An outcome measures ability to detect change over time.

Question 24

Minimal Clinically Important Difference

Answer 24

The minimum amount of change on an outcome measure which patients are likely to perceive as beneficial.

Question 25

Minimal Detectable Change Basic Design Study

Answer 25

Conduct a test-retest reliability study and then calculate the MDC

Question 26

Responsiveness Basic Design Study

Answer 26

Measure a population at two time points, in between which you expect them to change.

Question 27

Minimal Clinically Important Difference

Answer 27

Measure a group likely to experience change and concurrently measure a gold standard representing meaningful change. Find the cutoff score that best detects meaningful change.

Question 28

Minimal Detectable Change Common Statistical Results

Answer 28

Points on the outcome measure scale

Question 29

Responsiveness Common Statistical Results

Answer 29

Effect Size

Question 30

Minimal Clinically Important Difference Common Statistical Results

Answer 30

Cutoff score and its sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio.

Question 31

Spearman Rho (Correlation -1 to 1)

Answer 31

Criterion Concurrent
Criterion Predictive
Construct Convergent
Construct Discriminitive
Criterion
Construct

Question 32

Criterion Common Statistical Results

Answer 32

Spearman Rho (Correlation -1 to 1) OR Pearson correlation Coefficient (-1 to 1)

Question 33

Known Groups Statistical Results

Answer 33

Analysis of variance for linear trends (p VALUE)