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bio bulok > FAKENG BIO PLANT ANIMAL TISSUE > Flashcards

FAKENG BIO PLANT ANIMAL TISSUE Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What causes tissues to form?

A

Cell differentation

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2
Q

A group of similar cells that perform a common function

A

Tissue

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3
Q

The study of tissues treated with biological stains

A

Histology

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4
Q

Forms during the development process of eukaryotic cells which eventually give rise to the various parts of the animal

A

germinal layers

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5
Q

outermost layer of the skin and nervous tissues

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

most of tissues and organs

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

lining of the digestive tract

A

endoderm

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8
Q

four types of animal tissues

A

epithelial (cover), connective (connect), muscular (contract), nervous (conduct)

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9
Q

covers body organs, lines hollow organs, and forms glands to interact w/ internal and external environments

A

epithelial tissue

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10
Q

protects and supports the body and its organs and bind, store energy, and provide immunity

A

connective tissues

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11
Q

for contraction ang generation of force and heat

A

muscle tissue

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12
Q

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by sending electric signals/nerve impulses

A

nerve tissue

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13
Q

arranged in continuous sheets in a basal membrane, own nerve supply and avascular, and form coverings and linings in the body

A

epithelial tissue

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14
Q

epithelial tissue three major function

A

selective barrier, secretory surface, protective surface

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15
Q

two types of epithelial tissue

A

covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium

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16
Q

forms the outer covering of skin and other internal organs

A

covering and lining epithelium

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17
Q

makes up the secreting portion of glands

A

glandular epithelium

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18
Q

three classifications of arrangement of cells in layers in epithelial tissues

A

simple, pseudostratified, stratified

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19
Q

a single layer of cells for osmosis, diffusion, filtration, secretion, and absorption

A

simple epithelium

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20
Q

secretion vs absorption

A

production and release of substance while the other is intake of substance

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21
Q

appear to have multiple layers and have goblet cells in apical surfaces

A

pseudostratified epithelium

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22
Q

protect underlying tissues in wear and tear areas

A

stratified epithelium

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23
Q

four classifications of cell shapes in epithelial tissues

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

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24
Q

allows for rapid passage of substances (diffusion and filtration)

A

squamous cells

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25
Q

shaped like cubes or hexagons (microvilli)

A

cuboidal cells

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26
Q

like columns and protect underlying tissues

A

columnar cells

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27
Q

change shapes

A

transitional cells

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28
Q

three types of simple epithelium

A

simple squamous epi, simple cuboidal epi, simple columnar epi

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29
Q

found in alveoli or lining of capilliaries

A

simple squamous epithelium

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30
Q

found in glands, ducts, ovary surface, or kidney

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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31
Q

found in digestive tract, uterus, fallopian tube

A

simple columnar epithelium

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32
Q

four types of stratified epithelium

A

stratified squamous epi, stratified cuboidal epi, stratified columnar epi, stratified transitional epi

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33
Q

has multiple layers, functions for protection and barrier and reduction of water loss, found in keratinized skin and non-keratinized mouth, throat, and larynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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34
Q

functions for secretion, absorption, and infection protection and is located in sweat glands and salivary ducts

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

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35
Q

functions for secretion and protection, and is found in portion of male urethra and mammary glands

A

stratified columnar epithelium

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36
Q

accommodates fluctuation in the volume of fluid in organs and protection against the caustic effect of urine found in the urinary bladder lining

A

stratified transitional epithelium

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37
Q

consists of two basic elements: extracellular matrix and cells

A

connective tissues

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38
Q

the extracellular matrix contains

A

protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) and ground substance (proteoglycans - attract water to add strength and tissue elasticity)

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39
Q

seven functions of connective tissues

A

for enclosing and separating, connecting tissues to one another (ligaments and tendons), supporting and moving (bones and cartilages), cushioning and insulating (adipose tissues), storing of energy and calcium, transporting nutrients (blood), and protecting the body (blood and bones)

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40
Q

are germ cells/cells that form the matrix or young cells which can undergo mitosis

A

-blast

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41
Q

cells for maintenance

A

-cyte

42
Q

cells that break down tissues

A

-clast

43
Q

two classifications of connective tissues

A

embryonic and mature

44
Q

two types of embryonic connective tissues

A

mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

45
Q

origin of all connective tissues

A

mesenchyme

46
Q

fibroblasts scattered in a jelly-like substance

A

mucous connective tissue

47
Q

two classifications of mature connective tissue

A

loose (loosely arranged fibers) and dense (more fibers, thicker and densely packed)

48
Q

three types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar CT, adipose tissues, reticular CT

49
Q

widely distributed and randomly arranged collagen fibers with few elastic fibers—found in the subcutaneous tissues

A

areolar CT

50
Q

derived from fibroblasts; specialized for triglyceride storage

A

adipose tissues

51
Q

are abundant in reticular fibers and functions in binding smooth muscle tissues, filters and removes worn-out blood cells

A

reticular CT

52
Q

three types of dense connective tissue

A

dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, elastic CT

53
Q

forms tendons and ligaments and provides strong attachment that can withstand tension along axis

A

dense regular CT

54
Q

collagen fibers, irregularly arranged functions in tensile strength in many directions

A

dense irregular CT

55
Q

contains elastic fiber and functions to allow the stretching of various organs such as in lungs and arteries

A

elastic CT

56
Q

dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers that does not have any nerves or blood vessels in its extracellular matrix

A

cartilage

57
Q

a dense irregular CT that covers, protects, and surrounds all cartilages in the body, except joints

A

perichondrium

58
Q

the most abundant cartilage in the body and provides smooth surfaces for joints, flexibility, and support. It is also the weakest type of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

59
Q

has bundles of collagen fibers and lacks perichondrium and functions to give strength and rigidity to cartilages—making it the strongest type of cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

60
Q

has threadlike networks of elastic fibers and perichondrium, and functions to provide strength and elasticity; maintains shape of certain structures

A

elastic cartilage

61
Q

compact or spongy: depending on how materials are organized and functions for support, protection, houses blood-forming tissues, and enables movement

A

bone tissue

62
Q

has Blood tissue: blood plasma and Lymph: flows in lymphatic vessels, consists of cells like blood plasma but with less proteins

A

liquid CT

63
Q

flatsheets of pliable tissuesthat cover or line a part of the body

A

membranes

64
Q

four types of membrane

A

mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial

65
Q

contains glands that secrete mucus and it lines the entire digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts

A

mucous membrane

66
Q

contains glands that secrete serous lubricants which allows organs to glide easily or to slide against the walls of cavities

A

serous membrane

67
Q

skin; consists of a superficial layer (epidermis) and an underlying layer (dermis)

A

cutaneous membrane

68
Q

lines structures that do not open to the exterior— which are cavities of freely movable joints

A

synovial membrane

69
Q

These tissues are specialized to contract making movement possible.
It consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers that can use ATP to
generate force

A

muscle tissues

70
Q

three types of muscle tissues

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

71
Q

are striated fibers, multinucleated, and voluntary attached to bones by tendons and functions for movement, heat production, and protection

A

skeletal muscle

72
Q

are branched striated fibers, has a central nucleus per fiber, has intercalated
disk, and is involuntary

A

cardiac muscle

73
Q

has gap junctions (muscle action potential) and desmosomes (hold fibers together during contractions)

A

intercalated disk

74
Q

are non-striated, single nucleus, spindle-shaped, and involuntary fibers of
muscles which function for movement

A

smooth muscle

75
Q

the only type of tissue that can transmit nerve impulses

A

nervous tissues

76
Q

Nervous tissues consist of only two principal types of cells

A

neurons and neuroglia

77
Q

are sensitive to stimuli and they convert stimuli into
electrical signals called nerve action potential

A

neurons

78
Q

does not generate or conduct nerve impulses and
functions to support neurons

A

neuroglia

79
Q

Neurons have:

A

dendrites, soma cells, axons

80
Q

branching, short cell processes which serves as the major recipient/input portion of neurons

A

dendrites

81
Q

cell body

A

soma cells

82
Q

the output portion of a neuron that conducts nerve
impulses passing it from other neurons

A

axons

83
Q

two major types of plant tissues based on origin

A

meristematic and permanent

84
Q

cells actively divide, young cells, production of more cells, are typically small, with a large nucleus in the center and tiny vacuole, as they mature, they assume different shapes and sizes related to the
cells’ ultimate function

A

meristematic tissues

85
Q

derived from meristems and non-dividing cells

A

permanent tissues

86
Q

three types of meristematic tissues

A

apical, lateral, intercalary

87
Q

Are tissues found at the tips of shoots and roots. They increase in length and produce new cells and three primary meristems develop from each apical meristem: protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium

A

apical meristems

88
Q

contains a shoot apical meristem

A

terminal bud

89
Q

thicken the stem and root in wooden/dicot plants

A

vascular and cork cambium

90
Q

Meristems that increase the girth or diameter of the plant. They are
found along the sides of some roots and stems.

A

lateral meristems

91
Q

These are usually found in the vicinity of nodes, which occur at intervals along the stem and increase the length of stems. These are short-lived meristems.

A

intercalary meristems

92
Q

two major types of permanent tissues

A

simple and complex

93
Q

are mostly composed of only one kind of cell and are uniform in function and structure

A

simple permanent tissues

94
Q

are composed of several kinds of cells working together to perform a specific function in the body

A

complex permanent tissues

95
Q

four types of simple permanent tissue

A

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis

96
Q

most abundant of all the cell types. There are spherical when newly produced but assume various shapes in maturity and functions for food and waste storage

A

parenchyma

97
Q

Unevenly thick-walled cells occurring beneath the epidermis and usually smaller than parenchyma cells

A

collenchyma

98
Q

thick and tough-walled and contains Lignin:support, dead at maturity, and Sclereids and fibers

A

sclerenchyma

99
Q

the outermost layer of cells or cuticle

A

epidermis

100
Q

two types of complex permanent tissues

A

xylem and phloem

101
Q

concerned primarily with the transport of water and minerals from
the soil to the various parts of a plant such as tracheids and vessels

A

xylem

102
Q

responsible for the translocation of food manufactured by the
leaves to all parts of the plant such as sieve tube elements and companion cells

A

phloem

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