FAKENG BIO PLANT ANIMAL TISSUE Flashcards
1
Q
What causes tissues to form?
A
Cell differentation
2
Q
A group of similar cells that perform a common function
A
Tissue
3
Q
The study of tissues treated with biological stains
A
Histology
4
Q
Forms during the development process of eukaryotic cells which eventually give rise to the various parts of the animal
A
germinal layers
5
Q
outermost layer of the skin and nervous tissues
A
ectoderm
6
Q
most of tissues and organs
A
mesoderm
7
Q
lining of the digestive tract
A
endoderm
8
Q
four types of animal tissues
A
epithelial (cover), connective (connect), muscular (contract), nervous (conduct)
9
Q
covers body organs, lines hollow organs, and forms glands to interact w/ internal and external environments
A
epithelial tissue
10
Q
protects and supports the body and its organs and bind, store energy, and provide immunity
A
connective tissues
11
Q
for contraction ang generation of force and heat
A
muscle tissue
12
Q
detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by sending electric signals/nerve impulses
A
nerve tissue
13
Q
arranged in continuous sheets in a basal membrane, own nerve supply and avascular, and form coverings and linings in the body
A
epithelial tissue
14
Q
epithelial tissue three major function
A
selective barrier, secretory surface, protective surface
15
Q
two types of epithelial tissue
A
covering and lining epithelium and glandular epithelium
16
Q
forms the outer covering of skin and other internal organs
A
covering and lining epithelium
17
Q
makes up the secreting portion of glands
A
glandular epithelium
18
Q
three classifications of arrangement of cells in layers in epithelial tissues
A
simple, pseudostratified, stratified
19
Q
a single layer of cells for osmosis, diffusion, filtration, secretion, and absorption
A
simple epithelium
20
Q
secretion vs absorption
A
production and release of substance while the other is intake of substance
21
Q
appear to have multiple layers and have goblet cells in apical surfaces
A
pseudostratified epithelium
22
Q
protect underlying tissues in wear and tear areas
A
stratified epithelium
23
Q
four classifications of cell shapes in epithelial tissues
A
squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
24
Q
allows for rapid passage of substances (diffusion and filtration)
A
squamous cells
25
shaped like cubes or hexagons (microvilli)
cuboidal cells
26
like columns and protect underlying tissues
columnar cells
27
change shapes
transitional cells
28
three types of simple epithelium
simple squamous epi, simple cuboidal epi, simple columnar epi
29
found in alveoli or lining of capilliaries
simple squamous epithelium
30
found in glands, ducts, ovary surface, or kidney
simple cuboidal epithelium
31
found in digestive tract, uterus, fallopian tube
simple columnar epithelium
32
four types of stratified epithelium
stratified squamous epi, stratified cuboidal epi, stratified columnar epi, stratified transitional epi
33
has multiple layers, functions for protection and barrier and reduction of water loss, found in keratinized skin and non-keratinized mouth, throat, and larynx
stratified squamous epithelium
34
functions for secretion, absorption, and infection protection and is located in sweat glands and salivary ducts
stratified cuboidal epithelium
35
functions for secretion and protection, and is found in portion of male urethra and mammary glands
stratified columnar epithelium
36
accommodates fluctuation in the volume of fluid in organs and protection against the caustic effect of urine found in the urinary bladder lining
stratified transitional epithelium
37
consists of two basic elements: extracellular matrix and cells
connective tissues
38
the extracellular matrix contains
protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic) and ground substance (proteoglycans - attract water to add strength and tissue elasticity)
39
seven functions of connective tissues
for enclosing and separating, connecting tissues to one another (ligaments and tendons), supporting and moving (bones and cartilages), cushioning and insulating (adipose tissues), storing of energy and calcium, transporting nutrients (blood), and protecting the body (blood and bones)
40
are germ cells/cells that form the matrix or young cells which can undergo mitosis
-blast
41
cells for maintenance
-cyte
42
cells that break down tissues
-clast
43
two classifications of connective tissues
embryonic and mature
44
two types of embryonic connective tissues
mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue
45
origin of all connective tissues
mesenchyme
46
fibroblasts scattered in a jelly-like substance
mucous connective tissue
47
two classifications of mature connective tissue
loose (loosely arranged fibers) and dense (more fibers, thicker and densely packed)
48
three types of loose connective tissue
areolar CT, adipose tissues, reticular CT
49
widely distributed and randomly arranged collagen fibers with few elastic fibers—found in the subcutaneous tissues
areolar CT
50
derived from fibroblasts; specialized for triglyceride storage
adipose tissues
51
are abundant in reticular fibers and functions in binding smooth muscle tissues, filters and removes worn-out blood cells
reticular CT
52
three types of dense connective tissue
dense regular CT, dense irregular CT, elastic CT
53
forms tendons and ligaments and provides strong attachment that can withstand tension along axis
dense regular CT
54
collagen fibers, irregularly arranged functions in tensile strength in many directions
dense irregular CT
55
contains elastic fiber and functions to allow the stretching of various organs such as in lungs and arteries
elastic CT
56
dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers that does not have any nerves or blood vessels in its extracellular matrix
cartilage
57
a dense irregular CT that covers, protects, and surrounds all cartilages in the body, except joints
perichondrium
58
the most abundant cartilage in the body and provides smooth surfaces for joints, flexibility, and support. It is also the weakest type of cartilage
hyaline cartilage
59
has bundles of collagen fibers and lacks perichondrium and functions to give strength and rigidity to cartilages—making it the strongest type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
60
has threadlike networks of elastic fibers and perichondrium, and functions to provide strength and elasticity; maintains shape of certain structures
elastic cartilage
61
compact or spongy: depending on how materials are organized and functions for support, protection, houses blood-forming tissues, and enables movement
bone tissue
62
has Blood tissue: blood plasma and Lymph: flows in lymphatic vessels, consists of cells like blood plasma but with less proteins
liquid CT
63
flatsheets of pliable tissuesthat cover or line a part of the body
membranes
64
four types of membrane
mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial
65
contains glands that secrete mucus and it lines the entire digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
mucous membrane
66
contains glands that secrete serous lubricants which allows organs to glide easily or to slide against the walls of cavities
serous membrane
67
skin; consists of a superficial layer (epidermis) and an underlying layer (dermis)
cutaneous membrane
68
lines structures that do not open to the exterior— which are cavities of freely movable joints
synovial membrane
69
These tissues are specialized to contract making movement possible.
It consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers that can use ATP to
generate force
muscle tissues
70
three types of muscle tissues
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
71
are striated fibers, multinucleated, and voluntary attached to bones by tendons and functions for movement, heat production, and protection
skeletal muscle
72
are branched striated fibers, has a central nucleus per fiber, has intercalated
disk, and is involuntary
cardiac muscle
73
has gap junctions (muscle action potential) and desmosomes (hold fibers together during contractions)
intercalated disk
74
are non-striated, single nucleus, spindle-shaped, and involuntary fibers of
muscles which function for movement
smooth muscle
75
the only type of tissue that can transmit nerve impulses
nervous tissues
76
Nervous tissues consist of only two principal types of cells
neurons and neuroglia
77
are sensitive to stimuli and they convert stimuli into
electrical signals called nerve action potential
neurons
78
does not generate or conduct nerve impulses and
functions to support neurons
neuroglia
79
Neurons have:
dendrites, soma cells, axons
80
branching, short cell processes which serves as the major recipient/input portion of neurons
dendrites
81
cell body
soma cells
82
the output portion of a neuron that conducts nerve
impulses passing it from other neurons
axons
83
two major types of plant tissues based on origin
meristematic and permanent
84
cells actively divide, young cells, production of more cells, are typically small, with a large nucleus in the center and tiny vacuole, as they mature, they assume different shapes and sizes related to the
cells’ ultimate function
meristematic tissues
85
derived from meristems and non-dividing cells
permanent tissues
86
three types of meristematic tissues
apical, lateral, intercalary
87
Are tissues found at the tips of shoots and roots. They increase in length and produce new cells and three primary meristems develop from each apical meristem: protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium
apical meristems
88
contains a shoot apical meristem
terminal bud
89
thicken the stem and root in wooden/dicot plants
vascular and cork cambium
90
Meristems that increase the girth or diameter of the plant. They are
found along the sides of some roots and stems.
lateral meristems
91
These are usually found in the vicinity of nodes, which occur at intervals along the stem and increase the length of stems. These are short-lived meristems.
intercalary meristems
92
two major types of permanent tissues
simple and complex
93
are mostly composed of only one kind of cell and are uniform in function and structure
simple permanent tissues
94
are composed of several kinds of cells working together to perform a specific function in the body
complex permanent tissues
95
four types of simple permanent tissue
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis
96
most abundant of all the cell types. There are spherical when newly produced but assume various shapes in maturity and functions for food and waste storage
parenchyma
97
Unevenly thick-walled cells occurring beneath the epidermis and usually smaller than parenchyma cells
collenchyma
98
thick and tough-walled and contains Lignin:support, dead at maturity, and Sclereids and fibers
sclerenchyma
99
the outermost layer of cells or cuticle
epidermis
100
two types of complex permanent tissues
xylem and phloem
101
concerned primarily with the transport of water and minerals from
the soil to the various parts of a plant such as tracheids and vessels
xylem
102
responsible for the translocation of food manufactured by the
leaves to all parts of the plant such as sieve tube elements and companion cells
phloem
