Failure to achieve a settlement 1646-1649 Flashcards
1
Q
Charles’ position after the Civil War
A
- July 1646, the Newcastle proposition, much the same as the 19 propositions of 1642, however giving Charles control of his Privy Council and children
- Handed over from the Scotts to Parliament in early 1647
- Being held in Holdenby House Charles debated for the Newcastle Propositions to be reduced:
- The Militia would only be in Parliamentary control for 10 years not 20
- Presbyterianism would only be established for a trial 3 years
- Appointment to the army and government would be made by the King
2
Q
Relationship between the Army and Parliament after the War
A
- May 1647, Parliament voted to disband the NMA with only 8 weeks pay. This separates the NMAs cause from Parliaments, they rendezvoused at Newmarket
- June 1647, NMA captured Charles from Parliament, now in order to make negotiations NMA had to approve
- June 1647, the Solemn Engagements of the Army, that it would not expand until they had reached and agreeable settlement with Charles and their pay
3
Q
Acts of the Army pre Second Civil War
A
- The Representation of the Army July 1647 was practically a new constitution with Presbyterian Church and a Parliament that cannot be dissolved by the King
- August 1647, Heads of Proposals, demands were moderate, no Presbyterian Church, Bishops can remain but with no political power, angered radicals in NMA
4
Q
Richard Overton
A
- A prolific Leveller Pamphleteer, imprisoned for his activities, an author of the Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens July 1646
5
Q
The Levellers Acts pre Putney
A
- The Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens July 1646, a leveller bill which Parliament rejected, it was a new and radical kingless constitution
- The Case of the Army Truly Stated October 1647, a Leveller document and very critical of the Army with more extreme demands than the Representation of the Army
- October 1647 - Agreement of the People, a statement of Leveller ideologies
6
Q
John Lilburne
A
- A soldier of the NMA, however the imposed presbyterianism in the Solemn Engagement of June 1647 so he left
- Joining a radical group in London he became a pamphleteer and was thus arrested, he claimed he was held unjustly without trial
7
Q
William Walwyn
A
- A pamphleteer who was imprisoned
- An author of the Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens July 1646
8
Q
Cornel Rainsbourough
A
- Representative of the Levellers at the Putney Debates of Autumn 1647
9
Q
The Putney debates and post
A
- Autumn 1647 - Putney Debates between the independents and the levellers with little achieved, Cromwell and Ireton spoke for the army
- Corkbush Field November 1647, a small mutinous disturbance in the army resulting in one man being shot, basically the Army trying to stamp out the Levellers
10
Q
The Second Civil War build up
A
- November 1647, Charles escapes to the Isle of White
- December 1647 - Engagement with the Scots, Charles made an alliance agreeing with a Presbyterian Church and that the Levellers would be suppressed
- December 1647, The Four Bills, a peace term much like the Newcastle Propositions, a return from the lenient terms of the Heads of Proposals earlier that year
- January 1648, Parliament passed the ‘vote of no address’ with no more negotiations with the King
11
Q
The Second Civil War events
A
- Spring 1648 - Royalist revolts in Wales, Cornwall, Essex and Yorkshire, people were generally not content with the uncertainty of a leaderless country
- Also smaller risings in Kent and Norwich
- April 1648 - The Windsor Prayer Meetings, come to the conclusion that Charles Stuart is a man of blood, that there is the possibility of his death
- July-August 1648 - Scottish invade are defeated at Preston, Cromwell “nothing but the hand of God”, Fairfax retakes Colchester ending the war
12
Q
Road to execution pre prides purge
A
- September 1648, Parliament broke the vote of no address to make yet another peace attempt with Charles, he stubbornly refuses
- November 1648 - The ‘Army Remonstrance’ the King must be punished and brought to trial
13
Q
Road to execution prides purge and post
A
- December 1648 Prides Purge, the NMA purges Parliament of all opposition MPs, arresting 45 and secluding 186, 86 withdrew in protest. The MPs who were removed disapproved of regicide even though they were devout Parliamentarians.
- January 1649 - Charles’ trial, executed on the 30th, a tiny majority of die hard regicides pushed it through in a chaotic rush, Charles was left in the wings for 4 hours while the terms of the execution were being finalised and the new haphazard constitution was being drawn up
14
Q
Lucy Hutchinson
A
- The biographer of her husband Colonel Hutchinson
- Published between 1664-1671 it could bit be overtly pro Cromwell
- Colonel Hutchinson was a Parliamentarian in the Civil War, a Regicide as High Court of Justice but refused to serve under the protectorate as a true believer in republicanism
- He expressed remorse about his part as a regicide in 1660 and so kept his land and titles whilst being excluded from office
15
Q
Lord Fairfax
A
- Commander in chief of the NMA
- An excellent commander of war but as the NMA became more political he let Ireton and Cromwell take principal role
- Not a regicide he did not play any real part post 1650 when he passed the role of Commander in chief to Cromwell
