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Spanish History > Factual Knowledge > Flashcards

Factual Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

TERM: Reconquista

A

a series of campaigns in medieval Spain and Portugal by Christian states to recapture territory from the Moors (Muslims)

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2
Q

TERM: Patronato

A

A system where royal patronage controls the Catholic Church

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3
Q

TERM: converso

A

a Jewish person who becomes Catholic

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4
Q

TERM: morisco

A

a Muslim person who becomes Catholic

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5
Q

TERM: Estatuto de Limpieza de Sangre

A

banned moriscos and converses from holding public office

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6
Q

Beginning and end of Spanish Reconquista

A

710 - 1492

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7
Q

Marriage of Catholic Kings

A

1469

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8
Q

Death of Ferdinand II

A

1516

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9
Q

When was Portuguese nation state founded?

A

1140

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10
Q

End of Portuguese reconquista

A

1250

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11
Q

Beginning and end of Burgandy Dynasty (Portuguese)

A

1140 - 1385

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12
Q

First Portuguese-English treaty of assistance and friendship

A

1308

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13
Q

Windsor Treaties (2)

A

1373 and 1386

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14
Q

NAME: Pelayo

A

Founded Asturias and began the reconquista

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15
Q

NAME: Afonso Henrique

A

First king of Portugal and established it as its own kingdom

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16
Q

Catholic Kings

A

Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon

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17
Q

TERM: feitoria

A

Portuguese trading posts part of the overseas expansion

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18
Q

TERM: absolutism

A

a government where a monarch rules freely/the ruler has absolute power

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19
Q

TERM: Columbian Exchange

A

the transfer of goods (animals, plants, people, tech) between the Old World and the Americas in the 15/16th century

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20
Q

TERM: imperial overstretch

A

when an empire extends itself beyond its ability to maintain or expand its military and economic commitments

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21
Q

TERM: Golden Age

A

the most outstanding period of a nation

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22
Q

Avis dynasty (Portugal)

A

1385 - 1580

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23
Q

first Portuguese sailing around Cape of Good Hope (date)

A

1488 (Bartolomeu Dias)

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24
Q

Completion of Portuguese sea journey to India

A

1488- 1498 (Vasco de Gama)

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25
Q

discovery of the New World by the Spanish

A

1492 (Colombus)

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26
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

1494 (divided the Americas, Brazil given Portugal)

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27
Q

discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese

A

1500 (Pedro Álvares Cabral)

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28
Q

conquest of the Inca empire

A

1532 - 1573

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29
Q

conquest of the Aztec empire

A

1519 - 1521

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30
Q

first circumnavigation of the earth

A

1519 - 1522 (Fernando Magellan)

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31
Q

Habsburg dynasty (Spain)

A

1516 - 1700

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32
Q

Battle in the English Channel/ Loss of Spanish Armada

A

1588

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33
Q

When was the Golden Age (Spain and Portugal)

A

16th - early 17th C (Spain)

late 15th - 1580 (Portugal)

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34
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

was the first Portuguese to sail around the port of good hope

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35
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

first Portuguese to sail to India, breaking the spice monopoly

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36
Q

Christopher Colombus

A

Discovered the Americas in 1492

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37
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabral

A

Discovered Brazil for the Portuguese

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38
Q

Ferñao de Magalhães

A

first circumnavigation of the earth

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39
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Aztec empire

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40
Q

Francisco Pizzarro

A

Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Inca empire

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41
Q

Charles/Carlos I(of Spain)/V(of holy Roman empire)

A

Ruler of Spanish empire from 1516 and of the holy roman empire 1519 with the death of Maximilian of Habsburg

42
Q

Luis de Camões

A

Considered Portugal’s greatest poet

43
Q

Name a prominent Spanish writer from Spanish golden age

A

Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quijote)

44
Q

TERM: enlightenment

A

intellectual movement on 17/18th century emphasising reason and individualism over tradition
Age of reason

45
Q

TERM: enlightened absolutism

A

Monarchs inspired by the ideas of the enlightenment to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

46
Q

TERM: guerrilla

A

non-regular forces that take part in irregular fighting

47
Q

peak time of the reformism borbonico (spain)

A

1759-88 (Under Charles III)

48
Q

peak time of pombaline reforms (portugal)

A

1750-1777

49
Q

French Revolution

A

1789-1799

50
Q

date the 3 attempted liberal revolutions (Spain)

A

1808-14 (Peninsular war)
1820-23
1868-74

51
Q

Cadiz Constitution

A

1812 (Magna carta of Spanish liberals)

52
Q

Spanish American revolution of independence

A

1810 - 1826

53
Q

Braganza dynasty

A

1640 - 1910

54
Q

independence of Brazil

A

1822

55
Q

Charles III (Spain)

A

1759 - 88 proponent of enlightened absolutism

56
Q

Marquis de Pombal

A

Prime Minister - competent leadership in aftermath of Lisbon earthquake (1755) introduced many reforms

57
Q

Ferdinand VII

A

absolute monarch - hated king of Spain
1813-1833
(1st reign 1808 overthrown by Napoleon)
Lost America under his rule

58
Q

TERM: pronunciamiento

A

one characteristic of Isabelian era –> politicisation of the army after 1820

59
Q

TERM: desamortizacion

A

(to disentail) Liberals considered the corporate property of the Church and lords an obstacle to capitalist development

60
Q

oligarchy

A

a power structure where power lays with a small number of people

61
Q

caciquismo

A

backbone of the oligarchic system - dominated by power of local bosses who influence electoral process

62
Q

anarchism

A

belief in the abolition of all government, prevalent in andalusia and catalunya

63
Q

national regionalism (catalonia)

A

1874 restoration –> regional self-rule –> spain = multi-national state

64
Q

3rd of the revolutions in the Spanish cycle of liberal revolutions

A

1868-74

65
Q

1st republic in Spain

A

1873 -1874

66
Q

Spanish American War

A

1898

67
Q

Primo de Rivera coup

A

1923

68
Q

Portuguese 19th c colonial crisis in Africa

A

1880s/90s

69
Q

Portugals transition from monarchy to republic

A

1910 Republicans win elections in Lisbon and the king flees

70
Q

Isabel of Spain

A

1833- 1868 rule maintained via army support

71
Q

Miguel Primo de Rivera

A

Prime Minister (dictator) of Spain w/ traditional values, regressive leader

72
Q

Teofilo Braga

A

led Portugal provisional gov (1910-11) republic

73
Q

Term: authoritarianism vs. totalitarianism

A

authoritarianism - social and economic institutions exists outside of the control of the government

totalitarianism - the government controls everything = extreme form of authoritarianism

74
Q

Term: (state) corporatism

A

Falange guardian of corporate system –> created a trade union confederation which requires compulsory membership of all industrial workers and entrepreneurs

75
Q

Spanish 2nd republis

A

1931-39

76
Q

Spanish civil war

A

1936-39

77
Q

Franco dictatorship

A

1939-75

78
Q

Portuguese estado novo

A

1933-74

79
Q

Antonio de Oliviera Salazar

A

Portuguese PM (dictator) who was also an economist ruled for 36 years

80
Q

Francisco Franco

A

Spanish military dictator ruled for 36 years

81
Q

date: Spanish economic miracle

A

1960s

82
Q

Death of Salazar

A

1970

83
Q

Portuguese revolution

A

1974

84
Q

death of franco

A

1975

85
Q

Humberto Delgado

A

1958 stands against Salazar in presidential elections - lost because of manipulation - exiled - murdered by PIDE

86
Q

Marcelo Caetano

A

Last PM of estado novo regime 1968-1974

87
Q

Juan Carlos de Borbon

A

Franco’s royal successor 1975-2014

88
Q

term: transicion pactada in Spain after Franco

A

regime change carried out gradually, no radical break from the past
more liberal institutional and legal agreements developed
elites must recognise that the old regime is no longer sustainable

89
Q

term: revolution

A

the forcible over throw of government or political system for a new system

90
Q

term: formal democratisation (4)

A

democratically elected parliament
readmission of political parties
parliamentary elections
new constitution

91
Q

term: consolidation of democracy (3)

A

by 1978 spain was fully democratised but it wasn’t consolidated

UCD minority governments 1977-82
PSOE govs w/ absolute majority 1982-89
PSOE govs w/o majority 1989-96

92
Q

election of Jose Maria Aznar as PM

A

Spain, 1996

93
Q

Election of Mario Soares as PM

A

Portugal, 1976

94
Q

election of Mario Soares as President

A

1986-96

95
Q

Adolfo Suarez Sanchez

A

Spain’s first democratically elected PM since the 2nd republic (1976)

96
Q

Felipe Gonzalez

A

social democrat longest serving PM in Spain 1982-96 - his ascension seen as last step to Spain’s re-democratisation

97
Q

Jose Maria Aznar

A

Spanish PM election signified the 2nd peaceful shift of government to diff political ideological camp

98
Q

Gral. Antonio de Spinola

A

attempted failed coup in 1975 (Portugal) -figurehead of reform-willing but conservative military generals

99
Q

Alvaro Cunhal

A

Potuguese communist revolutionary opposed the estado novo - leader of the communist party

100
Q

Mario soares

A

Portugal’s first civilian President since 1926 (elected 1986)

Spanish History (2 decks)

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