Factual Knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
TERM: Reconquista
A
a series of campaigns in medieval Spain and Portugal by Christian states to recapture territory from the Moors (Muslims)
2
Q
TERM: Patronato
A
A system where royal patronage controls the Catholic Church
3
Q
TERM: converso
A
a Jewish person who becomes Catholic
4
Q
TERM: morisco
A
a Muslim person who becomes Catholic
5
Q
TERM: Estatuto de Limpieza de Sangre
A
banned moriscos and converses from holding public office
6
Q
Beginning and end of Spanish Reconquista
A
710 - 1492
7
Q
Marriage of Catholic Kings
A
1469
8
Q
Death of Ferdinand II
A
1516
9
Q
When was Portuguese nation state founded?
A
1140
10
Q
End of Portuguese reconquista
A
1250
11
Q
Beginning and end of Burgandy Dynasty (Portuguese)
A
1140 - 1385
12
Q
First Portuguese-English treaty of assistance and friendship
A
1308
13
Q
Windsor Treaties (2)
A
1373 and 1386
14
Q
NAME: Pelayo
A
Founded Asturias and began the reconquista
15
Q
NAME: Afonso Henrique
A
First king of Portugal and established it as its own kingdom
16
Q
Catholic Kings
A
Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
17
Q
TERM: feitoria
A
Portuguese trading posts part of the overseas expansion
18
Q
TERM: absolutism
A
a government where a monarch rules freely/the ruler has absolute power
19
Q
TERM: Columbian Exchange
A
the transfer of goods (animals, plants, people, tech) between the Old World and the Americas in the 15/16th century
20
Q
TERM: imperial overstretch
A
when an empire extends itself beyond its ability to maintain or expand its military and economic commitments
21
Q
TERM: Golden Age
A
the most outstanding period of a nation
22
Q
Avis dynasty (Portugal)
A
1385 - 1580
23
Q
first Portuguese sailing around Cape of Good Hope (date)
A
1488 (Bartolomeu Dias)
24
Q
Completion of Portuguese sea journey to India
A
1488- 1498 (Vasco de Gama)
25
discovery of the New World by the Spanish
1492 (Colombus)
26
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494 (divided the Americas, Brazil given Portugal)
27
discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese
1500 (Pedro Álvares Cabral)
28
conquest of the Inca empire
1532 - 1573
29
conquest of the Aztec empire
1519 - 1521
30
first circumnavigation of the earth
1519 - 1522 (Fernando Magellan)
31
Habsburg dynasty (Spain)
1516 - 1700
32
Battle in the English Channel/ Loss of Spanish Armada
1588
33
When was the Golden Age (Spain and Portugal)
16th - early 17th C (Spain)
| late 15th - 1580 (Portugal)
34
Bartolomeu Dias
was the first Portuguese to sail around the port of good hope
35
Vasco de Gama
first Portuguese to sail to India, breaking the spice monopoly
36
Christopher Colombus
Discovered the Americas in 1492
37
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Discovered Brazil for the Portuguese
38
Ferñao de Magalhães
first circumnavigation of the earth
39
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Aztec empire
40
Francisco Pizzarro
Spanish conquistador who led the fall of the Inca empire
41
Charles/Carlos I(of Spain)/V(of holy Roman empire)
Ruler of Spanish empire from 1516 and of the holy roman empire 1519 with the death of Maximilian of Habsburg
42
Luis de Camões
Considered Portugal's greatest poet
43
Name a prominent Spanish writer from Spanish golden age
Miguel de Cervantes (Don Quijote)
44
TERM: enlightenment
intellectual movement on 17/18th century emphasising reason and individualism over tradition
Age of reason
45
TERM: enlightened absolutism
Monarchs inspired by the ideas of the enlightenment to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects
46
TERM: guerrilla
non-regular forces that take part in irregular fighting
47
peak time of the reformism borbonico (spain)
1759-88 (Under Charles III)
48
peak time of pombaline reforms (portugal)
1750-1777
49
French Revolution
1789-1799
50
date the 3 attempted liberal revolutions (Spain)
1808-14 (Peninsular war)
1820-23
1868-74
51
Cadiz Constitution
1812 (Magna carta of Spanish liberals)
52
Spanish American revolution of independence
1810 - 1826
53
Braganza dynasty
1640 - 1910
54
independence of Brazil
1822
55
Charles III (Spain)
1759 - 88 proponent of enlightened absolutism
56
Marquis de Pombal
Prime Minister - competent leadership in aftermath of Lisbon earthquake (1755) introduced many reforms
57
Ferdinand VII
absolute monarch - hated king of Spain
1813-1833
(1st reign 1808 overthrown by Napoleon)
Lost America under his rule
58
TERM: pronunciamiento
one characteristic of Isabelian era --> politicisation of the army after 1820
59
TERM: desamortizacion
(to disentail) Liberals considered the corporate property of the Church and lords an obstacle to capitalist development
60
oligarchy
a power structure where power lays with a small number of people
61
caciquismo
backbone of the oligarchic system - dominated by power of local bosses who influence electoral process
62
anarchism
belief in the abolition of all government, prevalent in andalusia and catalunya
63
national regionalism (catalonia)
1874 restoration --> regional self-rule --> spain = multi-national state
64
3rd of the revolutions in the Spanish cycle of liberal revolutions
1868-74
65
1st republic in Spain
1873 -1874
66
Spanish American War
1898
67
Primo de Rivera coup
1923
68
Portuguese 19th c colonial crisis in Africa
1880s/90s
69
Portugals transition from monarchy to republic
1910 Republicans win elections in Lisbon and the king flees
70
Isabel of Spain
1833- 1868 rule maintained via army support
71
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Prime Minister (dictator) of Spain w/ traditional values, regressive leader
72
Teofilo Braga
led Portugal provisional gov (1910-11) republic
73
Term: authoritarianism vs. totalitarianism
authoritarianism - social and economic institutions exists outside of the control of the government
totalitarianism - the government controls everything = extreme form of authoritarianism
74
Term: (state) corporatism
Falange guardian of corporate system --> created a trade union confederation which requires compulsory membership of all industrial workers and entrepreneurs
75
Spanish 2nd republis
1931-39
76
Spanish civil war
1936-39
77
Franco dictatorship
1939-75
78
Portuguese estado novo
1933-74
79
Antonio de Oliviera Salazar
Portuguese PM (dictator) who was also an economist ruled for 36 years
80
Francisco Franco
Spanish military dictator ruled for 36 years
81
date: Spanish economic miracle
1960s
82
Death of Salazar
1970
83
Portuguese revolution
1974
84
death of franco
1975
85
Humberto Delgado
1958 stands against Salazar in presidential elections - lost because of manipulation - exiled - murdered by PIDE
86
Marcelo Caetano
Last PM of estado novo regime 1968-1974
87
Juan Carlos de Borbon
Franco's royal successor 1975-2014
88
term: transicion pactada in Spain after Franco
regime change carried out gradually, no radical break from the past
more liberal institutional and legal agreements developed
elites must recognise that the old regime is no longer sustainable
89
term: revolution
the forcible over throw of government or political system for a new system
90
term: formal democratisation (4)
democratically elected parliament
readmission of political parties
parliamentary elections
new constitution
91
term: consolidation of democracy (3)
by 1978 spain was fully democratised but it wasn't consolidated
UCD minority governments 1977-82
PSOE govs w/ absolute majority 1982-89
PSOE govs w/o majority 1989-96
92
election of Jose Maria Aznar as PM
Spain, 1996
93
Election of Mario Soares as PM
Portugal, 1976
94
election of Mario Soares as President
1986-96
95
Adolfo Suarez Sanchez
Spain's first democratically elected PM since the 2nd republic (1976)
96
Felipe Gonzalez
social democrat longest serving PM in Spain 1982-96 - his ascension seen as last step to Spain's re-democratisation
97
Jose Maria Aznar
Spanish PM election signified the 2nd peaceful shift of government to diff political ideological camp
98
Gral. Antonio de Spinola
attempted failed coup in 1975 (Portugal) -figurehead of reform-willing but conservative military generals
99
Alvaro Cunhal
Potuguese communist revolutionary opposed the estado novo - leader of the communist party
100
Mario soares
Portugal's first civilian President since 1926 (elected 1986)
