Facts You Should Know Flashcards
Where are protons?
In the nucleus
Where are neutrons?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons?
In the shells
What is the charge on a proton?
+1
What is the charge on a neutron?
0
What is the charge on an electron?
-1
What is a compound?
2 or more different elements that are chemically combined
What is a mixture?
A mixture is 2 or more elements that may or may not be chemically combined
What is an element?
A single substance that is made up of the same atoms.
It is found on a periodic able
Which number is the number of protons on a period of table?
The atomic number ( smaller one)
How do you calculate neutrons?
Mass number - atomic number (big - small)
How do we find the number of electrons of an element using the periodic table?
The atomic number ( smaller number)
What is the chemical name for limestone?
Calcium Carbonate
What is thermal decomposition?
The breaking down of something by heating it
What are the 2 products when CaCO3 is thermally decomposed?
CaO (calcium oxide)
and
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
How do we test for carbon dioxide?
Use limewater. If the limewater goes cloudy then carbon dioxide is present.
When we react a carbonate with a dilute acid what happens?
You get carbon dioxide
When we beat a metal carbonate what happens?
Metal oxide + carbon dioxide
What happens when water is added to calcium oxide?
Calcium hydroxide
Give 3 advantages to limestone quarries
Jobs, infrastructure, use the hole for landfill afterwards
Give 3 disadvantages to limestone quarries
Noise pollution, dust pollution, traffic
How are metals found in the ground?
Either as an ore or a metal oxide
What does the reactivity series show us?
The most reactive elements at the top and the least reactive at the bottom
What is a reduction reaction?
The removal of oxygen
What is electrolysis?
The use of electricity to separate a metal from its ore
What is an alloy?
A mixture of metals
What is phytomining?
Using plants to get small amounts of copper out of the ground
What is bio leaching ?
Using bacterial to get copper from the ground
Give 3 properties of transition metals
Hard, shiny, unreactive
What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrogen and carbon bonded together
What are these? CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
What does ane mean ? Eg. PentANE?
It’s an alkane
What does ene mean? Eg methENE?
It’s an alkene
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
An alkane ( singly bonded carbons)
What’s the formula for an alkane?
CnH(2n+2)
What is acid rain?
Sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water
What do catalytic converts do?
Remove pollution from petrol fumes
What is climate change?
The change in climate due to increased levels of carbon dioxide
What is a biofuel?
A fuel that recycles things and is renewable
Give 3 advantages of biofuels
Less pollution, renewable, carbon neutral
Give 3 disadvantages of biofuels
Land is used that could be used to grown food, habitats destroyed, can be expensive
What is cracking?
Making long hydrocarbons short
What is an alkene?
Carbons with double bonds
What is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is a monomer and polymer?
Monomer :
One
Polymer:
Many
How can we extract oils from plants?
Distillation
What is hydrophobic?
Doesn’t like water
What is hydrophilic?
Water liking
Name the layers of the earth
Outer crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What evidence is there that containers used to be conjoined?
Fossil patterns
Shape of the continents
How are continents moving apart?
Convection currents in the mantle
What was in the earths early atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur
Give 2 ways CO2 was removed from the early atmosphere
Photosynthesis
Dissolved in oceans
What did Miller and Urey show?
Amino acids
What is an isotope?
An element with different numbers of neutrons
What is covalent bonding?
The sharing of electrons between 2 non metals
How many covalent bonds does carbon have?
3
What is ionic bonding?
The bonding between a metal and non metal
What is metallic bonding?
2 metals bonding together
