Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHP EXAM > Facts to know > Flashcards

Facts to know Flashcards

1
Q

Vitrification

A

the rapid cooling of liquid medium in the absence of ice crystal formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pu-Be

A

a neutron producing source (will need hydrogenous material to shield)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General area dose rates are checked between which body parts?

A

rates are checked between head and knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EPA Protective Action Guidance for members of the public during early phase of nuclear accident includes:

A

A total effective dose equivalent exceeding 1 rem and a CDE to thyroid exceeding 5 rem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HVL and TVL equations

A

HVL= ln(2)/u
TVL=ln(10)/u
I=I(0)e^(-ux)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H-3

A 
Pure beta emitter
Half life: 12.3 yrs
Biological:10-12 days
Energies: Max (18.6 keV) Avg (5.7 keV)
Requires urine bioassay
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

C-14

A

Pure beta emitter
Half life: 5730 yrs
Biological: 12 days
Energies: Max(156) Avg: 49 keV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

F-18

A 
Gamma (511 keV)
and Beta emission (634 keV)
Half-life: 1.83 hrs
Biological (6 hrs)
Positron annihilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

P-32

A

Half life: 14.3 days
Biological: 257 day whole body
Bone: 1155 days
Energies: Max (1710 keV) Avg (695)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S-35

A 
Pure beta emitter
Half life: 87.5 days
Biological (623 days)
Energies: Max (167.5 keV) Avg 49 keV
Critical organ (testis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Co-60

A

Half-life: 5.27 yrs
Biological:
Energies: 2 Gamma (1173 keV and 1333 keV) Avg.( 1250 keV)
Beta Max (318 keV) Avg (96 keV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sr-90

A

Beta emitter
Half life: 28.2 yrs
Energies (546 keV)
Y-90 energies 2484 keV and 523 keV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tc-99m

A

Half life: 6 hrs
Biological: 1 day
Energies: Gamma (141 keV)
X-ray (18 keV and 21 keV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

I-125

A

Half- Life: 60.1 days
Biological: 120 days
Energies: Gamma 35.5 keV
X-ray: 27 keV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

I-131

A

Half life: 8 days
Biological: 120 days
Energies: Gamma 364 keV and 723 kev
Betas: 606 keV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cs-137

A

Half life: 30.2 yrs
Energies: 662 keV and 32
Beta 174 keV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ra-226

A

Half life: 1600 yrs
Energies: Gamma 186 and 609
Alpha 4785 keV
GM detector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Am-241

A 
Half-life: 432 yrs
Energies: gamma 60, 14, 18
Alphas: 5486
5443
5388
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inverse square law formula

A

I1/I2=D2^2/D1^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secular equilibrium

A

Parent half life»>Daughter half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gas amplification factors in ionization chamber

A

equal to 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Limit for external surface contamination on DOT package

A

22 dpm/cm^2

Or 2200 dpm/100cm^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clearance time for particulate traveling through trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli?

A

0.1 hr, 1hr, 4hr, 10 to 15000+ days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

semi infinite cloud of gamma emitting noble gases, gamma contribution to dose rate formula

A

D=0.25 EX
D= rem/sec
E= gamma (MeV)* yield
X= concentration (uCi/cc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Calculate RBE

A

Dose of 250 kVp x-rays
__________________
Dose of other radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Current LD50/60 in humans

A

410 rem whole body with no medical intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

exposure levels where Gastrointestinal, Cerebrovascular, temporary sterility and permanent sterility occur

A

1000 rem, 5000 rem, 250 rem, 500 rem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PF for full face negative pressure SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus)

A

50 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PF for full faced pressure demand (positive pressure) SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus)

A

10,000 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

PF for full faced demand airline respirator

A

100 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PF for full faced continuous flow, airline respirator

A

50 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

PF for half mask, negative pressure air purifying respirator

A

10 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PF for full faced negative pressure air purifying respirator

A

100 PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

eV equals how many joules?

A

1.6 E-19 Joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

During early phase of accident, what effective dose equivalent limit set for emergency responders

A

5 rem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Agency approves respiratory protection devices

A

NIOSH (National institute of occupational safety and health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Quality factor for thermal neutrons

A

QF 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Quality factor the alpha particle, multiple charged particles, fission fragments, heavy particles of unknown charge

A

QF 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

QF of neutron of unknown energy

A

QF 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

QF for gamma/xrays

A

1 QF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how many rem in 1 sv

A

100 rem to 1 Sv

.01 Sv to 1 rem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

1 rad equals how many ergs

A 
100 ergs (energy/g)
100 rads= 1 gray= 1 J/Kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Gamma exposure rule of thumb

A

For gamma energy 0.07Mev to 4 MeV; in R/hr
D=6CEN/d^2 for measurements in feet
D=0.5CEN/d^2 for measurements in meters
If there are two energies, add them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

1 roentgen = how many C/Kg

A

1 R= 2.58 x 10^-4 C/Kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

3 naturally occurring decay series

A

Thorium (Th-232) (4n)
Uranium (U-238) (4n+2)
Actinium (U-235) (4n+3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the Transport Index (TI)

A

the dose equivalent rate at 1 meter from package surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Working level as a unit of radon decay is = ?

A

1 liter of air with emission of 1.3 E5 MeV Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Range of alpha particles in air

A

For E&laquo_space;4 MeV, 0.56 E (cm)

For 4

49
Q

Transient equilibrium

A

Parent half life > D half life

50
Q

When will parent and daughter never reach equilibrium

A

Parent half life < daughter half life

51
Q

Avg risk from cancer following acute dose of 0.1 Sv (10 rem) of Low LET radiation to all body organs is

A

8 E-3

52
Q

Under energy spatial equilibrium, 1 R of gamma rad is equivalent to absorbed dose in air and tissue:

A

0.87 rad air and 0.98 tissue

53
Q

Rule of thumb for beta particle travel range in air and matter

A 
12 feet per MeV
and
Emax
\_\_\_\_
   2
54
Q

Relationship between mass and activity

A

Curies/gm= 1.308E8/ (AT)

Where A= atomic # and T = half life (days)

55
Q

Equation for resolving time

A 
N= n/(1-nt)
N=true count rate 
n=observed count rate
t= resolved time
ex: t=200 sec; n= 6x10^4 cpm; N=7.5x10^4 cpm
56
Q

What are the neutron classes

A

Thermal (0.025 eV), Epithermal/slow (0.025-100 eV), Intermediate (100 eV-100 keV), Fast (100 keV -20 MeV) Relativistic (<20 MeV)

57
Q

Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, Pair production

A

photo electric effect is dominant <200keV
Compton scattering is dominant 200 keV-5 MeV
Pair production is dominant > 5 MeV

58
Q

kerma

A

the amount of KE transferred to charged particles per unit mass of any material by interaction of indirectly ionizing radiation in that mass

59
Q

Committed effective dose equivalent equation

A

CEDE= intake/sALI * 5 rem

60
Q

The recoil E of the product atom formed in the alpha decay of most naturally occurring alpha emitters is approx. what percentage of alphas particles energy?

A

2%

61
Q

Dose rate with gamma constant equation

A

D=Γ*A/d^2

62
Q

Beta dose rate rule of thumb

A

β=300CN/d^2

β=30CN/d^2

63
Q

Occupational dose limits

A

total effective dose: 5 rem
sum of deep dose and committed dose equivalent to individual organ or tissue : 50 rem
Dose equivalent to lens of eye: 15 rem
Shallow dose equivalent to skin or extremities: 50 rem

64
Q

Dose limit to minors working with rad

A

10% of adult occupational dose limits

65
Q

Dose limits to members of the public

A

100 mrem/ yr

66
Q

Caution Radioactive materials sign meaning

A

In areas or items where radioactive material is used/stored. Information on material should include: 1. type of rad material 2. estimated activity 3. assay date 4. Individual responsible for material

67
Q

Caution- Radiation Area sign meaning

A

Area where radiation levels could cause portion of individuals body to receive an exposure of 5 mrem/hr from external radiation

or 100 mrem in 5 consecutive days

68
Q

Caution- High Radiation Area sign meaning

A

Area where level of radiation could cause major portion of individuals body to receive exposure of 100 mrem/hr.

69
Q

Grave Danger- Very High Radiation Area sign meaning

A

an area in which radiation levels could result in individual recieving an absorbed dose of 500 rads in 1 hour @ 1 meter from source or surface it penetrates.

70
Q

Radioactive White I package criteria

A

at any point on accessible surface of package: 0.5 mR/hr

No transport index indicated

71
Q

Radioactive Yellow-II criteria

A

At any point on surface: 50 mR/hr

At 3 feet/1 meter from external package (TI): 1 mR/hr

72
Q

Radioactive Yellow-III criteria

A

any point on surface: 200 mR/hr

3ft (1 m) from package surface (TI): 10 mR/hr

73
Q

Effective half life formula

A

Teff= Tr*Tb/(Tr+Tb)

74
Q

Reference man stats

A 
Breathing rate: 2E4 ml/min
Water consumption: 2.2 L/day
Weight:70 Kg
Height: 170 cm
Works 40 hrs a week
2000 hrs a year
Has 100 nCi of K-40
75
Q

organ weighting factors

A 
Gonads 0.25
Breast 0.15
Red bone marrow 0.12
Lung 0.12
Thyroid 0.03
Bone surfaces 0.03
Remainder 0.06
Whole body 1.00
75
Q

organ weighting factors

A 
Gonads 0.25
Breast 0.15
Red bone marrow 0.12
Lung 0.12
Thyroid 0.03
Bone surfaces 0.03
Remainder 0.06
Whole body 1.00
76
Q

2 sigma (95% confidence) error analysis

A

Count rate +/- 1.96(C/T^2 + Cb/Tb^2)^1/2

76
Q

2 sigma (95% confidence) error analysis

A

Count rate +/- 1.96(C/T^2 + Cb/Tb^2)^1/2

77
Q

What part of the body is of concern for an alpha, beta, and gamma radiation types

A

Alpha, ingestion (organs), beta is skin, and gamma is whole body

78
Q

Radioactive atoms that have large neutron to proton ratio tend to decay by

A

beta minus decay

79
Q

What is the energy of a photon that had an initial energy of 7 MeV and interacted twice by Compton scattering, first scattering at an angle of 10 degrees and then 180 degrees?

A

α=hv/mc^2 = 7 MeV/0.511 MeV= 13.7
hv’=hv* 1/(1+α(1-cos(o)) = 5.8
repeat with new value,
0.245 MeV

80
Q

Isobar

A

nuclides that have the same atomic # (protons and neutrons)

81
Q

Isotope

A

nuclides with same # of protons, different # of neutrons

82
Q

Isotone

A

nuclides that have the same # of neutrons, different # of protons

83
Q

Isomers

A

nuclides that have same atomic # and mass #, but different energy states

84
Q

PF for respirator types

A

From greatest to least effective
Positive pressure recirculating, pressure demand = continuous flow, demand = negative pressure

Helmet/hood= full face, half face, loose-fitting

85
Q

What does HEPA stand for

A

High efficiency particulate air (filter)

86
Q

Alpha particle range

A

R= 0.56E
for E up to 4 MeV

1.24E-2.62 for 4-8 MeV

87
Q

HVL of paraffin for 1 MeV neutron and 5 MeV

A

HVL for 1 MeV is about 3 cm

HVL for 5 MeV is about 7 cm

88
Q

How many C/Kg in 1 R

A

2.58*10^-4 C/Kg

89
Q

Class I Laser

A

Considered to be incapable of producing damaging radiation levels during operation

Exempt from any control measures or other forms of surveillance

90
Q

Class I M laser

A

Considered incapable of producing hazardous exposure conditions during normal operations, unless the beam is viewed with an optical instrument

Exempt from any control measures (besides use of optical instruments)

91
Q

Class II laser

A

Emits in the visible portion of spectrum (0.4 to 0.7 μm)

Eye protection is normally afforded by the aversion response

92
Q

Class II M laser

A

Emits in visible portion of spectrum (0.4 to 0.7 μm)

Eye protection is normally afforded by the aversion response for unaided viewing

Can be hazardous if viewed with certain optical aids

93
Q

Class III Laser (Medium Power) (2 subclasses)

A

Both may be hazardous under direct & specular reflection viewing conditions

3R: Probability of injury is small if the eye is appropriately focused and stable

3B:Normally not diffuse reflection or fire hazard

94
Q

Class IV Laser

A

Is hazardous to eye or skin from the direct beam
May pose a diffuse reflection or fire hazard
May produce laser generated air contaminants (LGAC) and hazardous plasma radiation

95
Q

R to rad conversion factor

A

0.87 R/rad

96
Q

Non-stochastic ALI equation

A

CDE=( I/nALI) * 50 rem

97
Q

Dose equivalent rate equation

A

H= (H(rate)/λ)*(1-e^(-λt))

98
Q

Rn- 222

A

Half-life: 3.8 days

99
Q

Rad to MeV/gm

A

1 rad= 6.24 E7 MeV/gm

100
Q

total error equation

A 
E1= error 1
E2= error 3
En= Error n

(E1^2+E2^2+En^2)^1/2

101
Q

Equation to find total disintegrations or mass from activity

A

N=A/λ ; will give you atoms/ disintegrations.

If want weight then: (convert to Bq, g/mole [ Rn-222 = 222 gm/mol], avagadros #)

A= Nλ

102
Q

Solving for Biological half life

A

Tb= (1/ [(1/Teff)-(1/Tp)])

103
Q

Solving for PF given DAC, concentration, stay time, max DAC hr

A

DAC-Hr= (concentration/DAC)*Stay time
_______________
PF

solve for PF

104
Q

Formula for fraction of energy given off from electron beam

A

F= 710^-4 * ZE

Z= atomic #
E= energy in MeV
105
Q

4 pCi/L contributes to how much dose per year?

A

0.25 rem

106
Q

How to find transmission factor

A

@ 1 meter
T=Xrate/Γ for 1 Ci
for anything other than 1, multiply by A

or

T=Be^(-ux)
Where B = buildup

107
Q

Finding activity concentration in a room with flow rate

A

A=(A0/V)e^(-kt)

Where k = F/V + λ
F= flow rate
V= volume

108
Q

Laser beam intensity reduction

A

Optical density= log (Io/I)

109
Q

Peak power for laser

A

PP=Energy/time = watts
E in Joules
t= usually nsec

110
Q

W value for alpha particles in air

A

W= 35 eV/ion pair

111
Q

Restricted area parameters

A

An area where you could receive in excess of 2 mR/hr or 100 mR/yr

112
Q

In the ionization region of a gas filled detector, the output pulse is approximately:

A

independent of the voltage over fairly large voltage range

113
Q

what is relaxation length

A

ux

114
Q

Sievert in SI units

A

1 Sv= 1 J/kg = 100 rem

115
Q

Working level

A

One working level (WL) is defined as any combination of short-lived radon progeny (specifically, radon-222 progeny) in one liter of air that will emit 1.3 × 10⁵ MeV of alpha particle energy upon decaying completely.

116
Q

Working level month is ? Hrs

A

170 hrs

4 weeks x 40 hr/week = 170

CHP EXAM (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions