Facts (medicine)

Question 1

Why was smallpox so feared by the public?

Answer 1

Left people blind and scarred

Question 2

What did people think caused smallpox?

Answer 2

Miasma

Question 3

What practice/idea did Lady Mary Mentagu bring back from a holiday in Istanbul in 1792?

Answer 3

Innoculation

Question 4

Who invented vaccination?

Answer 4

Edward Jenner

Question 5

What two word French term best sums up government attitudes in 19th Century?

Answer 5

Laissez faire

Question 6

What did Louis Pasteur prove?

Answer 6

Germ Theory

Question 7

When did Louis Pasteur publish his theory?

Answer 7

1861

Question 8

Who developed the idea of ‘magic bullets’?

Answer 8

Paul Ebrich

Question 9

Give 2 reasons why rapid urbanisation caused disease?

Answer 9

Poor housing, cellar living, overcrowding, no access to clean water, no sewage systems

Question 10

When was the first cholera epidemic in Britain?

Answer 10

1831-32

Question 11

Who published a Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842?

Answer 11

Edwin Chadwick

Question 12

Why was the first Public Health Act not good enough?

Answer 12

Because it was not enforced/compulsory

Question 13

When was the first Public Health Act passed?

Answer 13

1848

Question 14

When was the second Public Health Act passed?

Answer 14

1875

Question 15

How did Florence Nightingale help the medical profession?

Answer 15

By improving the hygiene in hospitals and making nursing professional

Question 16

What body was set up in 1858 to oversee the medical profession as a result of scandals?

Answer 16

General Medical Council

Question 17

What does the word anaesthetic mean?

Answer 17

Pain relief

Question 18

Why did some surgeons believe that pain relief was not necessary during operations?

Answer 18

They wanted the patients appreciate the work that the surgeon did/religious arguments

Question 19

What did James Simpson try out on his friends?

Answer 19

Chloroform

Question 20

What was the problem with nitrous oxide?

Answer 20

Difficult to get the dose right

Question 21

Why did the invention of anaesthetics cause more people to die on the operating table?

Answer 21

Because surgeons did more risky operations going deep into the body which increased the risk of infection

Question 22

What acid did Joseph Lister use in the operating room?

Answer 22

Carbolic

Question 23

How did John Snow prove his theories about the spread of cholera?

Answer 23

Mapped the location of each death in his area, worked out that the water pump in Broad Street was the cause

Question 24

How did John Snow prevent further cholera deaths in his area?

Answer 24

Persuaded the authorities to remove the handle of the pump so no water could be drawn

Question 25

Give 2 reasons why public health was difficult to achieve in the earlier 19th Century?

Answer 25

Because people didn’t want to pay higher taxes, because the government didn’t want to get involved, because people believed that it was each person’s responsibility

Question 26

Why was the second Public Health Act better than the first?

Answer 26

Local council were forced to provide clean water, appoint medical officers of health and sanitary inspectors, cover sewers, keep sewers in good condition, collect rubbish, provide street lighting

Question 27

What was the ‘Great Stink’?

Answer 27

Dry weather combined with raw sewage created unbearable smell in London