facts i struggle to remember Flashcards
:3
death of samuel smiles and book stats
By the time of his death in 1904, Samuel Smiles’ book ‘Self help’ sold 250,000 copies, becoming a hugely popular and influential text characterising the shame of poverty at the time
laissez-faire
govt not responsible for poverty, things would fix themselves
South Africa war and soldier rejection
since 1899, 25% of volunteer soldiers were rejected due to poor health (9/10 in some areas)
death of Henry Campbell Bannerman
1908
How long had the liberals been out of power for?
since 1886
The Reform Acts of —- and —- gave a large proportion of working class men the vote, after the third act –% of male householders had the vote
The Reform Acts of 1867 and 1884 gave a large proportion of working class men the vote, after the third act 60% of male householders had the vote
formation of the Labour Representation Committee in —- (partially in —-)
formation of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900 (partially in 1906)
Old Age Pensions Act
1908
By —- there were —,— people recieving pensions, with –% of those receiving the full payment
By 1914 there were 970,000 people recieving pensions, with 90% of those receiving the full payment
life expectancy in —- was c. – for men and c. – for women.
life expectancy in 1911 was c. 49 for men and c. 50 for women.
Introduction of labour exchanges
1909
By —-, —- people were roughly finding employment through labour exchanges daily
By 1914 - 3000 people were roughly finding employment through labour exchanges daily
The —- Children’s Charter
The 1908 Children’s Charter
—- Workmen’s Compensation Act
1906 Workmen’s Compensation Act
—- Trade Boards Act
1909 Trade Boards Act
—,— workers were to be covered by this minimum wage change in these tolling jobs, greatly helping those who were the sole provider in their households
Minimum wages could take up to - months to implement and were often low, with many workers not being covered
200,000 workers were to be covered by this minimum wage change in these tolling jobs, greatly helping those who were the sole provider in their households
Minimum wages could take up to 9 months to implement and were often low, with many workers not being covered
—- National Insurance Act was in two parts, the first creating a —- — ——
1911 National Insurance Act was in two parts, the first creating a sick pay scheme
- pence a week was paid and then workers would be paid – pence a week for – weeks which was reduced to – pence after those – weeks
4 pence a week was paid and then workers would be paid 50 pence a week for 13 weeks which was reduced to 25 pence after those 13 weeks
Sick pay also discriminated against women, with – pence a week being the maximum
Sick pay also discriminated against women, with 35 pence a week being the maximum
—- most working-class men had been granted the vote. The —- Parliament Act also introduced payment for MPs for the first time, enabling working class men to represent constituencies for the first time.
1884 most working-class men had been granted the vote. The 1911 Parliament Act also introduced payment for MPs for the first time, enabling working class men to represent constituencies for the first time.
Infant Custody Act in —- and the Local Government Act in —-
Infant Custody Act in 1873 and the Local Government Act in 1894
The suffragists were led by ————, and were officially called the ——————————
The suffragists were led by Millicent Fawcett, and were officially called the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies
Some had been campaigning since the —-s, with very limited success as peaceful methods did not use direct action
Some had been campaigning since the 1860s, with very limited success as peaceful methods did not use direct action
Edith Smith becoming the first woman to be granted power of arrest in —-
Edith Smith becoming the first woman to be granted power of arrest in 1915
Not all women got the vote in —-
Not all women got the vote in 1918
Some countries that were members of the British Empire had already given the vote to women, including NZ in —- and Australia in —-
Some countries that were members of the British Empire had already given the vote to women, including NZ in 1893 and Australia in 1902
Some major countries did not give women the vote until later into the 20th century, with France in —-
Some major countries did not give women the vote until later into the 20th century, with France in 1944
Until —-, Austria was the dominant state in the Bund (German confederation) but believed a united Germany would threaten their multi-ethnic empire
Until 1848, Austria was the dominant state in the Bund (German confederation) but believed a united Germany would threaten their multi-ethnic empire
The Holy Roman Empire had occupied much of central Europe, including the German states, and was destroyed by the French during the Napoleonic Wars, officially in —-
After the fall of Napoleon in —-, the Confederation of the Rhine was no longer fit for purpose which led to the formation of the German Confederation which was a loose association of the – states
The Holy Roman Empire had occupied much of central Europe, including the German states, and was destroyed by the French during the Napoleonic Wars, officially in 1806
After the fall of Napoleon in 1815, the Confederation of the Rhine was no longer fit for purpose which led to the formation of the German Confederation which was a loose association of the 39 states
Many peasants held nationalistic views, even if their priorities were different, and could organise as seen in —-
Many peasants held nationalistic views, even if their priorities were different, and could organise as seen in 1841
There were 39 states in the Bund, each with their own leader, and a united Germany would threaten the power of these leaders
All decisions in the Bund had to be ———-, meaning change was incredibly ———-
There were 39 states in the Bund, each with their own leader, and a united Germany would threaten the power of these leaders
All decisions in the Bund had to be unanimous, meaning change was incredibly difficult
As minister president of Prussia, Bismarck was involved with a range of wars, including wars with ——-, ——- and ——
As minister president of Prussia, Bismarck was involved with a range of wars, including wars with Denmark, Austria and France
After Denmark’s control of ——— and ——– in —-, Prussia persuaded Austria to support them against the Danes and winning, then isolated Austria from ——- which resulted in the 7 weeks war
After Denmark’s control of Schleswig and Holstein in 1863, Prussia persuaded Austria to support them against the Danes and winning, then isolated Austria from Holstein which resulted in the 7 weeks war
Bismarck’s —- “Blood and Iron” speech argued Prussia needed a strong military to unite with Germany, showing the military on its own was not strong enough
Bismarck’s 1862 “Blood and Iron” speech argued Prussia needed a strong military to unite with Germany, showing the military on its own was not strong enough
During the —-s, the Prussian economy grew significantly as Prussia gained more access to natural resources such as the Rhine
From —- - —-, —– kilometres of railway was added in Prussia, showing economic growth and helping trade/transport
During the 1850s, the Prussian economy grew significantly as Prussia gained more access to natural resources such as the Rhine
From 1850-1870, 13020 kilometres of railway was added in Prussia, showing economic growth and helping trade/transport
Russia and Austria were once strong allies, Russia helped Austria overcome the 18– - – revolutions
During the —-s Crimean War, Russia expected Austria support, Austria refused which destroyed the relationship between the two powerhouses
Russia and Austria were once strong allies, Russia helped Austria overcome the 1848-49 revolutions
During the 1850s Crimean War, Russia expected Austria support, Austria refused which destroyed the relationship between the two powerhouses
If Russia backed Austria, it was likely Bismarck would ———- —
Bismarck benefitted from the ——— and Austria refusing to support Russia, Bismarck also allowed Russia access to Prussian land during a battle with Polish forces
If Russia backed Austria, it was likely Bismarck would provoke war
Bismarck benefitted from the Zollverein and Austria refusing to support Russia, Bismarck also allowed Russia access to Prussian land during a battle with Polish forces
After the Austria-Prussian War, close links had been achieved by all states, and ——————- was formed whilst southern states entered military alliances with ——-
Other European (—— and ——) countries had fears about a dominant and united Germany, Bismarck was able to win support by offering deals such as —-
After the Austria-Prussian War, close links had been achieved by all states, and North German Confederation was formed whilst southern states entered military alliances with Prussia
Other European (Italy and France) countries had fears about a dominant and united Germany, Bismarck was able to win support by offering deals such as land
North and Southern Confederations would only unify in the event of attack: ————–’s attack gave that reason.
North and Southern Confederations would only unify in the event of attack: Napoleon III’s attack gave that reason.
Bismarck also helped prevent other European countries from starting wars with ——- or supporting its enemies. Bismarck was able to wait until he wished to fight, as with ——.
Bismarck also helped prevent other European countries from starting wars with Prussia or supporting its enemies. Bismarck was able to wait until he wished to fight, as with France.
Germany had lost WWI by —-, and as a result the Nazi party would be formed in —-
Chaos at the end of the war would lead to a series of events which resulted in the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in —-, giving the Nazis power
Germany had lost WWI by 1918, and as a result the Nazi party would be formed in 1919
Chaos at the end of the war would lead to a series of events which resulted in the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, giving the Nazis power
— Billion marks in reparations would not have been paid off until —-, as Germany struggled to pay – so ——- and ——- took resources from the Rhine
123 Billion marks in reparations would not have been paid off until 1986, as Germany struggled to pay – so France and Belgium took resources from the Rhine
German elections and proportional representation (59% of the vote meant 59% of the seats caused many small parties to be elected and Governments were always coalitions
After the Kaiser abdicated, a German republic was set up in —-, and the system of Government was known as the Weimar Republic which gave full voting rights to those over –
German elections and proportional representation (59% of the vote meant 59% of the seats caused many small parties to be elected and Governments were always coalitions
After the Kaiser abdicated, a German republic was set up in 1919, and the system of Government was known as the Weimar Republic which gave full voting rights to those over 20
Between 19– - – the Weimar Republic became richer, it was only after the Wall Street Crash in —- that Weimar collapsed, suggesting democracy was supported before the economic crisis
Between 1924-29 the Weimar Republic became richer, it was only after the Wall Street Crash in 1929 that Weimar collapsed, suggesting democracy was supported before the economic crisis
Paul Von Hindenburg was in his 80s by —-, and stood for president against his wishes in —- to stop Hitler coming into power
In spite of his strong dislike of Hitler, he appointed him Chancellor taking over from Kurt Von ———–
Paul Von Hindenburg was in his 80s by 1933, and stood for president against his wishes in 1932 to stop Hitler coming into power
In spite of his strong dislike of Hitler, he appointed him Chancellor taking over from Kurt Von Scheidler
