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SnowPro Core Facts & Figures > Facts & Figures > Flashcards

Facts & Figures Flashcards

Metrics tested in Snowflake Snowpro Core cert

1
Q

Micropartition maximum size

A

16MB compressed, 50-500MB uncompressed data

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2
Q

Snowflake now issues behavior change bundles into which an account can opt-in early, or defer. How often are these released

A

Frequency ~ monthly
Opt-in - 4 weeks early
Opt-out - 4 weeks late

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3
Q

How often are storage keys rotated?

A

Key rotation - 30 days

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4
Q

How often are storage keys re-encrypted?

A

Re-encryption - 365 days

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5
Q

What is the default session timeout

A

5 min

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6
Q

What is the maximum session timeout

A

240 min

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7
Q

How long is Information Schema retained?

A

7 days to 6 month, Complete Task Graph 60 minutes

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8
Q

What is the latency for Information Schema?

A

Essentially zero-latency

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9
Q

Is the Account Usage schema a super- or sub-set of the Information Schema?

A

Superset.

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10
Q

What is the latency for Account Usage Schema?

A

45 min - 3 hours

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11
Q

How long is Account Usage Schema stored?

A

1 year

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12
Q

What is the minimum the Query Result Cache retained

A

24 hours

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13
Q

What is the maximum the Query Result Cache retained

A

31 days

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14
Q

What setting controls query timeout?

A

Statement_Timeout_in_Seconds?

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15
Q

What is the default query timeout?

A

2 days

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16
Q

What is the maximum value for the query timeout?

A

7 days

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17
Q

How long is the retention for the Query History in Snowsight?

A

14 days

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18
Q

What is the default auto-suspend value for a new Warehouse?

A

10 minutes

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19
Q

What is the default auto-suspend value for a new Warehouse created in Snowsight?

A

5 minutes

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20
Q

What is the minimum value for multi-cluster warehouses?

A

1

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21
Q

What is the maximum value for multi-cluster warehouses?

A

10

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22
Q

What are the two scaling policies for a multi-cluster warehouse?

A

Standard, Economy

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23
Q

How long does it take to scale out a multi-cluster warehouse set to Standard scaling?

A

As soon as a query queues.

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24
Q

How long does it take to scale out a multi-cluster warehouse set to Economy scaling?

A

6 minutes

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25
Q

What is the default QAS setting Query_Acceleration_Max_Scale_Factor?

A

8

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26
Q

What is the valid range for the QAS setting Query_Acceleration_Max_Scale_Factor?

A

0-100

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27
Q

What is the minimum Snowflake edition for the query acceleration service?

A

Enterprise

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28
Q

What is the minimum Snowflake edition for the multi-cluster service?

A

Enterprise

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29
Q

What is the minimum Snowflake edition for the tri-security service?

A

Business Critical

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30
Q

What is the maximum size of a variant column?

A

16MB

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31
Q

Recommended file size for COPY (and file-based Snowpipe, for reasonable costs)

A

100-250MB compressed

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32
Q

Maximum # of files loaded by explicit list

A

100

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33
Q

Number of days COPY retains metadata to avoid duplicate loads

A

64

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34
Q

Number of days Snowpipe retains metadata to avoid duplicate loads

A

14

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35
Q

If if input is too big for variant column, what is a potential resolution?

A

strip_outer_array

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36
Q

Default file size during file unload

A

16MB

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37
Q

Maximum file size during file unload

A

5GB

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38
Q

What is the default setting for Max_Extention_Time_In_Days to keep a stream from going stale?

A

14 days

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39
Q

What is the maximum setting for Max_Extention_Time_In_Days to keep a stream from going stale?

A

90 days

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40
Q

What are the maximum number of tasks in a DAG?

A

1000 tasks

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41
Q

What are the maximum number of children in a DAG?

A

100

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42
Q

What is the maximum number of days available for Time-travel in Standard Ed?

A

1 day

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43
Q

What is the maximum number of days available for Time-travel in Enterprise Ed?

A

90 days

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44
Q

What is the available setting for Time-travel in Transient tables?

A

1 day

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45
Q

What is the available setting for Time-travel in Temporary tables?

A

0 days (not available)

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46
Q

What OSes does SnowSQL support?

A

Mac, Linux, Red Hat, Ubuntu, Windows

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47
Q

When creating a new top-level role, what system role should it be granted to?

A

SYSADMIN

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48
Q

What can User Admin manage?

A

Users and Roles created by the User Admin

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49
Q

What can SecurityAdmin manage?

A

Same as User Admin and can manage GRANTS

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50
Q

What is the recommended number of columns in a cluster for a table?

A

3-4

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51
Q

When using multiple columns in a cluster, should they be ordered by cardinality High to Low or Low to High?

A

Low to High

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52
Q

What does it mean to have “low cardinality”?

A

Few distinct values, e.g. TRUE, FALSE

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53
Q

What does it mean to have “high cardinality?”

A

Many distinct values, e.g. SSN

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54
Q

What happens in a join without a join condition?

A

Exploding joins or cartesian products, where the result is N x N

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55
Q

What is the difference in results between Union vs Union All?

A

Union removes duplicates. Union All includes duplicates?

56
Q

What are options available if results are spilled to disk in a query?

A

Larger warehouse or processing data in smaller batches

57
Q

What is the problem if Partitions Scanned is all or nearly all of Partitions Total?

A

Inefficient pruning. Add filters to reduce total rows scanned.

58
Q

What kinds of queries benefit from Search Optimization?

A

Point lookups (IN, or ==)
Substring query
Semi-structured search
Geospatial
AND and OR

59
Q

What kinds of queries benefit from Query Acceleration Service?

A

Select, Insert, CTAS

60
Q

How to reference a User Stage?

A

@~myStage

61
Q

How to reference a Table Stage?

A

@%myTable

62
Q

How to reference a Named Stage?

A

@myCustomStage

63
Q

What locations does PUT and GET load/unload data between?

A

Stage to/from Local Storage

64
Q

What data formats are supported by Copy Load?

A

XCOPAJ
xml, csv, orc, parquet, avro, json

65
Q

What data formats are supported by Copy Unload?

A

CSV, JSON, Parquet

66
Q

What file compression formats are used by default when Copying data out?

A

GZIP or, SNAPPY for Parquet

67
Q

What is the expiration for a Scoped URL?

A

24 hours

68
Q

What access is required for a Scoped file?

A

DB access

69
Q

What is the expiration for a File URL?

A

No expiration

70
Q

What access is required for a File URL?

A

Stage access

71
Q

What is the expiration for a Signed URL?

A

Configurable

72
Q

What access is required for a Signed URL?

A

None

73
Q

MyTable has 200 rows. How many rows are retuned by SELECT * FROM MyTable SAMPLE(10)?

A

10% or 20 rows.

74
Q

How do you make “SELECT * FROM MyTable SAMPLE(10)” deterministic in back to back calls?

A

Add SEED(123)

75
Q

MyTable has 200 rows. How many rows are retuned by SELECT * FROM MyTable SAMPLE(10 ROWS)?

A

10 ROWS.

76
Q

Can a UDF run multiple calculations and statements?

A

No

77
Q

Can a Stored Procedure run multiple calculations and statements?

A

Yes

78
Q

When cloning a database or schema, what is NOT included?

A

Internal Named Stages
Pipes on Internal Stages
Time Travel

79
Q

How do you turn off cache?

A

USE_CACHED_RESULT = FALSE
Can be turned off at the Account, User, or Session level

80
Q

What algorithm does Snowflake use to determine cardinality?

A

HyperLogLog

81
Q

What function can turn a SHOW xxx call into a table?

A

RESULT_SCAN

82
Q

Can an administrator see the results of a query from another user?

A

No.

83
Q

What can you use to get the query ID of the second-to-last query?

A

LAST_QUERY_ID(-2)
(note the negative)

84
Q

What can you use to get the query ID of the second query of the session?

A

LAST_QUERY_ID(2)

(note the positive)

85
Q

Return a list of customers from variant column named src in table cars.
{
“customer”: [
“age”:”23” ]
“dealership name”: “Valley”
…
}

A

SELECT
src:customer
FROM
cars;

Note the lack of NEED of quotes around customer

86
Q

Return a list of dealerships from variant column named src in table cars.
{
“customer”: [
“age”:”23” ]
“dealership name”: “Valley”
…
}

A

SELECT
src:”dealership name”
FROM
cars;

Note the NEED of quotes around DEALERSHIP[space]NAME

87
Q

Cast customer age to a number from variant column named src in table cars.

{
“customer”: [
“age”:”23” ]
“dealership name”: “Valley”
…
}

A

SELECT
src:customer.age::NUM
FROM
cars;

Note dot and ::

88
Q

What does the VALIDATION_MODE do in a COPY INTO command?

A

Does NOT copy data, but returns the number of rows that would result from the COPY INTO command.

89
Q

What is Snowflake’s hybrid architecture?

A

Shared Disk (central data repository) and Shared Nothing (independent query clusters)

90
Q

What schema and view would you look to find login information within the last 15 minutes?

A

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.LOGIN_HISTORY().

info schema is updated nearly instantly vs account_usage (45 min lag)

91
Q

What schema and view would you look to find login information within the last 8 months?

A

ACCOUNT_USAGE.LOGIN_HISTORY()

account usage stores data for up to 1 year, vs information_schema 1w-6mo storage

92
Q

What is the oldest query you can see in the Snowsight History page?

A

14 days old

93
Q

Question 1
Incorrect
Which privilege is required to change a warehouse’s state (stop, start, suspend, resume)?

[Usage, Operate, Modify, Monitor]

A

Operate

94
Q

How many network policies can be activated for a user at a time?

A

1

95
Q

What is the command to define clustering when creating a table?

A

CREATE TABLE …
CLUSTER BY (exp1, exp2….)

96
Q

Is BOOLEAN supported by Snowflake?

A

No.

97
Q

During Warehouse provisioning, if any of the compute resources fail to provision, then Snowflake will [restart the warehouse, fix resources]

A

If any of the compute resources for the warehouse fail to provision during start-up, Snowflake attempts to repair the failed resources

98
Q

When calling a UDF, the UDF will run as the [caller, owner]?

A

Owner. Always.

99
Q

When calling a SPROC, the SPROC will run as the [caller | owner].

A

Either.

100
Q

What is the default ownership of a SPROC? [caller | owner]

A

Owner.

101
Q

What kind of URL is ideal for business intelligence applications or reporting tools that need to display unstructured file contents

A

Pre-signed URL

102
Q

What kind of URL is ideal for use in custom applications, providing unstructured data to other accounts via a share, or for downloading and ad hoc analysis of unstructured data via Snowsight.

A

Scoped URL

103
Q

What kind of URL is ideal for custom applications that require access to unstructured data files.

A

File URL

104
Q

What kind of URL is a Simple HTTPS URL used to access a file via a web browser

A

Pre-signed

105
Q

What kind of URL is encoded and permits temporary access to a staged file without granting privileges to the stage

A

Scoped

106
Q

What kind of URL identifies the database, schema, stage, and file path to a set of files

A

File URL

107
Q

[Serverless | User-managed] Tasks is recommended when you cannot fully utilize a warehouse because too few tasks run concurrently or they run to completion quickly (in less than 1 minute)

A

Serverless

108
Q

[Serverless | User-managed] Tasks is recommended when you can fully utilize a single warehouse by scheduling multiple concurrent tasks to take advantage of available compute resources.

A

User-managed

109
Q

What multi-cluster mode is enabled when cluster size is set to [5:5]?

A

Maximized

110
Q

What multi-cluster mode is enabled when cluster size is set to [4:9]

A

Auto-scale

111
Q

When creating a stage, this encryption type supports tri-secret secure [SNOWFLAKE_SSE | SNOWFLAKE_FULL]

A

SNOWFLAKE_FULL

112
Q

When creating a stage, this encryption type supports client encryption [SNOWFLAKE_SSE | SNOWFLAKE_FULL]

A

SNOWFLAKE_FULL

113
Q

When creating a stage with encryption, which encryption type supports pre-signed URLs [SNOWFLAKE_SSE | SNOWFLAKE_FULL]

A

SNOWFLAKE_SSE

114
Q

If you have a sequence of 1, insert 5 rows…
then change the sequence to 2
and insert 2 rows, what is the last sequence value (assuming starting at 1?

A

8
First 5 [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
ALTER to 2
Next 2 [6, 8]
NOT
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] , [ 7 , 9]

115
Q

What standard role can create resource monitor? [ACCOUNTADMIN, SYSADMIN, ORGADMIN]

A

ACCOUNTADMIN

116
Q

What grants can view resource monitors?

A

MONITOR, MODIFY

117
Q

Which Snowflake schema houses information about usage and users?

A

Account_Usage

118
Q

Which Snowflake schema houses information about system objects?

A

Information_Schema

119
Q

Which database objects are currently not supported for replication? [Streams, Temp Tables, Transient Tables, Stages]

A

Stages & TEMPORARY tables

120
Q

Which role has privileges to create warehouses and databases (and other objects) in an account? [ SYSADMIN | ORGADMIN | ACCOUNTADMIN ]

A

SYSADMIN

121
Q

What is the difference between a Snowflake managed Task and a User managed Task?

A

User managed task has an assigned warehouse.

122
Q

What drivers does Snowflake support?

A

JPONG
JDBC
PHP
ODBC
.NET
Go

123
Q

What privileges allows a consumer account to create a database from a share?

A

AccountAdmin, or IMPORT SHARE privilege

124
Q

Is Snowflake [IRAP – Protected] compliant?

A

Yes

125
Q

Is Snowflake [ITAR] compliant?

A

Yes

126
Q

Which transformations are NOT supported by COPY commands? [JOIN | SUM | GROUP BY | TRUNCATE | AGGREGATE | FILTER | FLATTEN]

A

TRUNCATE, AGGREGATE, FILTER, FLATTEN

127
Q

Do external tables support internal stages?

A

NO. Internal Tables <> Internal Stages. External Tables <> External Stages

128
Q

What roles can create Resource Monitors? [ SYSADMIN, ACCOUNTADMIN, ORGADMIN]

A

Only ACCOUNTADMIN

129
Q

What is the minimum edition required to support data clustering?

A

Standard

130
Q

Can you clone a cloned table?

A

YES

131
Q

Do Secure UDFS support SQL optimizations?

A

NO. This can cause data to become insecure through other measures.

132
Q

What is the at-rest encryption mechanism?

A

AES-256

133
Q

What is the setting to enable warehouse scale-out

A

MAX_CLUSTER_COUNT

134
Q

What is the minimum Snowflake built-in role that can be used to enforce a network policy on a Snowflake account?

A

SECURITYADMIN

135
Q

What is another term for DATA EXCHANGE

A

Data Listing

136
Q

When creating a new Account, can you choose an Org Name?

A

No. Remember that this may be a new account in an existing org!

137
Q
A

SnowPro Core Facts & Figures (2 decks)

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