Facts Flashcards
What is the most common form of foetal abnormalities?
Neural tube defects (NTDs)
How many births on average are affected by NTDs?
0.3 per 1000
How many pregnancies per year are affected by NTDs? (CITATION)
Around 800 (dept of health, 2018)
How many milligrams of folic acid does NICE recommend for periconception?
5 milligrams
Describe spina bifida (3)
- most common NTD
- spinal cord not encased in bone
- damage of spinal cord
How does folate requirement change in pregnancy?
Folate requirements are much higher for pregnant women than they are for the rest of the population
What are some of the pathologies unmetabolised, excess folic acid associated with? (3) (CITATION)
- masking B12 deficiency
- colorectal cancer
- interactions with anticancer drugs
Choi et Al, 2014
Citation for study that proves inverse correlation between folate status and CRC risk
Stampfer et Al. 1998
Citation for study proving positive relationship between folate and CRC risk
Hirsch et al., 2009
What accounts for the discrepancies in folate’s relationship to CRC? (CITATION)
Difference between how the body metabolises folate (natural food substance) and folic acid.
Folate seems protective, folic acid (esp. high amounts) can encourage tumour progression (Rosewall, 2010)
Which study shows an inverse correlation between folate and CRC in NORMAL cells?
Kim, 2003
Which study shows folate increases rumour growth in established CRC carcinogenesis?
Choi et al, 2002
What did Kim’s 2007 paper conclude?
Folic acid can help PREVENT CRC, but once it’s there it enhances the cancer
What did Kim et al (2001) study show?
A number of metanalyses confirm an inverse relationship between folate and CRC
What did Wan et Al (2010) study indicate?
That age may be a confounding factor in studies where the relationship between folate and cancer risk was established
What did Hirsch et Al (2009) study find?
CRC risk not only rose in fortified groups, but also older groups
What does folate do to vit b12? (CITATION)
Folate can mask B12 deficiency, therefore delaying it diagnosis until neurological damage is irreversible (selhub et Al, 2009)
What did Morris et Al (2005) study show?
Participants with high folate intake combined with low B12 has faster cognitive decline compared to groups with high intakes of both
Which study showed that B12 deficiency is common in the elderly?
Wong, 2015
